Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 359 I. Voting Rights Act, Section 2: Minority Voting Dilution and Protection of Communities of Common Interest ............................................................ 362 II. Democratic Inclusion and Demographic Diversity ..........................................

Despite its shortcomings, cross-level or ecological inference remains a necessary part of some areas of quantitative inference, including in United States voting rights litigation. Ecological inference suffers from a lack of identification that, most agree, is best addressed by incorporating individuallevel data into the model. In this paper we test the limits of such an incorporation by attemp...

Though the value of a right should be not lower than zero, negative voting premiums often appear in recent empirical evidence. The present paper highlights some possible measurement errors and contemporary proposes a new measure, the vote segment, which incorporates all dividend privileges. Results from Italian non-voting shares listed in the 1999-2008 period show that the more accurate measure...

We study political distortions that emerge in situations where agents’ political power is disproportionate with respect to their economic power. We use the Shapley value to evaluate both the economic and the political power. We show that usual weighted majority voting cannot prevent political distortions from emerging in a huge mass of situations. Distortions are less severe if partners can lea...

When the founder is no longer CEO of firm he controls, can entrust position either to a family member or professional non-family CEO. Our study examines how founder-controlled firms compensate CEOs versus CEOs. Using regression analyses on sample large Canadian listed Toronto Stock Exchange (S&P/TSX) over 7-year period (2002 2008), we find that total compensation lower than CEOs, especi...

The European Union (“EU”) has recently celebrated its 50th anniversary. This Article is based upon my presentation in the Symposium celebrating the anniversary held at Fordham Law School and sponsored by the Fordham International Law Journal. The Article will look at how the European Union has recently approached company law issues (usually referred to as corporate law in the United States) and...