Pine wilt disease (PWD) constitutes a serious threat to pine forests. Since development depends on temperature and drought, there is a concern that future climate change could lead to the spread of PWD infections. We evaluated the risk of PWD in 21 susceptible Pinus species on a global scale. The MB index, which represents the sum of the difference between the mean monthly temperature and 15 wh...

1. introduction with regard to natural and human urban threats and risks which endanger security of the residents, ensuring urban safety and passive defense issues, especially before being hit by crisis and in peace situation such as natural disasters, war, etc., are the most significant duties of urban practitioners and planners. the main criterion of passive defense viewpoint is to increase t...

The extinction of a species is inevitably preceded by the extirpation of a series of local populations. Ecological theory predicts that vulnerability to extirpation varies between populations and is ultimately linked to environmental heterogeneity. If populations of a species are present in multiple regions separated by abrupt changes in environmental conditions (e.g., biomes), spatial variatio...

Modern forms of drilling and extraction have recently led to a boom in oil and gas production in the U.S. and stimulated a controversy around its economic benefits and environmental and human health impacts. Using an environmental justice paradigm this study applies Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis to determine whether certain vulnerable human populations are unequally ...

background: lack of nutritional knowledge is one of the most important reasons of nutritional problems and consequently im­proper practice, which can lead to several complications. this study has been designed in order to compare knowledge, at­ti­tude and practices of the urban and rural households regarding iron deficiency anemia (ida) in boushehr, golestan and sis­tan & balouchestan provinces...

The concept of transformative resilience has emerged from the recent literature and represents a way to interpret potential opportunities for change in vulnerable territories, where socioeconomic is required. This article extends perspective an assessment landscape multifunctionality inland areas, exploring identifying network synergies among different municipalities that able trigger process t...