To evaluate the influence of rewetting solutions on bond strength to root dentin of conventional gutta-percha (GP) or niobium phosphate glass-based gutta-percha (GNb) associated with a bioceramic sealer. The root canals of 80 human mandibular premolars were prepared using nickel-titanium instruments and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and EDTA. The teeth were randomly divided into four grou...

We present a parameterisation of aerosol activation, including co-condensation of semi-volatile organics, for warm clouds that has applications in large-scale numerical models. The scheme is based on previously developed parameterisations that are in the literature, but has two main modifications. The first is that the total aerosol mass is modified by the condensation of organic vapours enteri...

Motivated by the need to resolve the condensation-coalescence bottleneck in warm rain formation, a significant number of studies have emerged in the past 15 years concerning the growth of cloud droplets by water-vapor diffusion and by collision-coalescence in a turbulent environment.With regard to condensation, recent studies suggest that small-scale turbulence alone does not produce a signific...

Green tree frogs, Litoria caerulea, in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia remain active during the dry season with apparently no available water and temperatures that approach their lower critical temperature. We hypothesized that this surprising activity might be because frogs that are cooled during nighttime activity gain water from condensation by returning to a warm, humid tree hollo...

Our objectives are a) To describe the detailed structure of the air flow in a mature hurricane, b) To understand the vertical force balance in the eye and the eyewall, c) To investigate the presence of supergradient flow in hurricanes and the underlying processes, d) To study the surface wind structures during landfall, e) To investigate the transformation of a cold-core continental mesovortex ...

This paper synthesizes experimental results reported here with computational results towards development of a reliable heat transfer correlation for a specific annular condensation flow regime inside a vertical tube. For fully condensing flows of pure vapor (FC-72) inside a vertical cylindrical tube of 6.6 mm diameter and 0.7 m length, the experimental measurements are shown to yield values of ...

Astrophysical multi-phase media display rich spatial structures, as for example the cold cirrus clouds found in the neutral atomic interstellar medium. Condensation of cold structures in locally compressed regions of turbulent thermally bistable flows is a plausible, not exclusive, origin for the structuration of the medium. Simulations in plane-parallel geometry show that trans-sonic convergen...

The growth by condensation of small water droplets in a three-dimensional homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow is considered. Within a simple model of advection and condensation, the dynamics and growth of millions of droplets are integrated. A droplet-size spectra broadening is obtained and it is shown to increase with the Reynolds number of turbulence, by means of two series of direct numeric...

Vertical velocities compatible with climatological heating functions are computed. The physical assumptions in the thermodynamic equation incorporate radiational heating, heat flux from the underlying boundary, and heat of condensation. The computation is performed for the four seasons, and a comparison with other studies indicates that the method gives fairly good results that may be related t...