Following the structure meaning approach (c.f. [3,4]), I argued in [5] that the prosodic peak of Contrastive-marking creates a partition of the asserted proposition into B (background) and F (Focus). The morphological wa-marking then introduces the Con operator that takes the structured meaning as its argument and yields a conventional implicature. The Contrastive-marked sentence presupposes th...

Utafiti huu ulidhamiria kutathmini athari za kamusi ya Sheng’ – English Dictionary kwa Kiswahili sanifu. Kamusi (2003) iliteuliwa kama msingi wa uchunguzi sababu ndio kwanza kuwahi kuchapishwa. Licha hii kuchapishwa katika lugha Kiingereza ina leksimu ambazo yafaa kuchunguzwa namna zinavyoathiri Lengo la utafiti lilikuwa kueleza muundo kifonolojia maneno na jinsi yanavyotofautiana Nadharia ilik...

BACKGROUND Pollution due to mining activities could have an important role in health and welfare of people who are living in mining area. When mining operation finishes, environ-ment of mining area can be influenced by related pollution e.g. heavy metals emission to wa-ter resources. The present study was aimed to evaluate Valiloo abandoned arsenic mine ef-fects on drinking water resources qual...

Being an essential component in various metabolic activities, water is important for the survival of plants and animals. Cacti grown in arid areas have developed intrinsic water management systems, such as water collection through spines, water absorption through trichome, and water storage using mucilage. The water collection method of cactus is well-documented, but its water absorption and st...

There are extensive applications of lithium bromide-water absorption chillers in industry, but the heat exchangers corrosion and refrigerating capacity loss are very difficult to be solved. In this paper, an experiment was conducted by using plastic heat transfer tubes instead of copper tubes. As an example, for a lithium bromide-water absorption chiller of refrigerating capacity of 35kW, the c...

We have used a continuous-wave carbon dioxide laser in a single-mode realization of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure absorption coefficients of water vapor at 944 cm(-1) for several temperatures in the range 270-315 K. The conventional description of water vapor infrared absorption is applied, in which the absorption is modeled in two parts consisting of local line absorption and the re...

Using recently derived-values of the water vapor dimer spectral absorption cross section we calculate the water vapor dimer contribution to the clear sky absorption of solar radiation. We consider the water dimer concentrations deduced from local equilibrium thermodynamics, and we account for the overlap of water vapor dimer and monomer absorption bands. We estimate that water vapor dimer contr...

We measured the absorption spectrum (340-640 nm) of the purest available water with photothermal deflection spectroscopy. Our spectrum exhibits an absorption minimum in the blue region of the spectrum that is deeper than in most previously documented pure-water absorption studies. We attribute this to exceptional sample purity and our technique's inherent freedom from scattering effects. Becaus...

Absorption of solar radiation by water dimer molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere has the potential to act as a positive feedback effect for climate change. There seems little doubt from the results of previous laboratory and theoretical studies that significant concentrations of the water dimer should be present in the atmosphere, yet attempts to detect water dimer absorption signatures in atmo...