Marine elasmobranchs maintain internal osmolality higher than their external environment, resulting in an osmotic gradient for branchial water uptake. This gradient is markedly increased in low-salinity habitats. The subsequent increase in water uptake presents a challenge to volume homeostasis. The Atlantic stingray is a marine elasmobranch that inhabits a remarkable range of environmental sal...

abstract agriculture is the largest consumer of water resources in iran. one of the best options for increasing the irrigation efficiency and better application of precipitation in arid and semi-arid areas is employing of superabsorbent polymers to soil. polymers can absorb rain and irrigation water, decrease deep percolation and increase water use efficiency. in order to investigate the effect...

The most common method for in situ assessment of soil salinity, namely the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil solution (ECw), is to measure the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and volumetric water content (θ) of the soil and apply measured or predicted ECa(ECw, θ) calibration curves. The water content and electrical conductivity of a soil solution are indeed the major factors affec...

abstract in this study, seven main field crops of the rudasht and abshar irrigation networks of esfahan (with 54,000 ha designed command area) such as wheat, barley, onion, sunflower, fodder mays and sugar beet were selected and swap model was calibrated by inverse modeling base on field experiments results in order to determine crop water salinity production functions. field experiments were c...

Perchlorate (ClO4 ) has been detected in numerous ground and surface waters, and has recently been added to the drinking water Candidate Contaminant List in the United States. Perchlorate can be removed from drinking water using ion exchange, but this results in the production of highly saline (7–12%) perchlorate-contaminated brines. Perchlorate-degrading microbial enrichments capable of growth...

abstract- in this study, effect of deficit irrigation with different salinity levels and planting methods (in-furrow and on-ridge) on nutrient and toxic ions uptake by rapeseed was investigated in a two-year experiment. the experiment was conducted at research station, located in the college of agriculture, shiraz university, i.r. of iran. results indicated that an increase in water stress leve...

Despite the increasing interest in CO2 foam flooding for enhanced oil recovery applications, it is challenging to have a successful field operation as the performance of the surfactant is often affected by the presence of crude oil and salinity of the water. It is also challenging to dispose of huge amounts of water associated with the field operation. Due to the incompatibility of the produced...

Conventional water resources of good quality are scarce especially in arid and semiarid regions. The salinization of soils and water places is a substantial constraint of crop productivity. The mixed application of fresh water along with seawater is becoming a common practice by the farmers near sea sides in the developing countries. Seawaters contain beneficial nutrients that can be useful for...

Shortage and salinity of irrigation water are two major constraints that influence rapeseed production in arid and semi-arid regions of central and southern Iran. In this study, effects of deficit irrigation with different salinity levels and planting methods (in-furrow and on-ridge) as strategies for coping with water and salinity stresses on yield and yield quality of rapeseed were invest...