Field studies have demonstrated that ground surface rainfall accumulation can be detected at depth by synchronous increases in static confined groundwater pore pressures. This opens the way for “geological weighing lysimeters” providing disturbance-free water storage monitoring of the surface environment, in effect by weighing a significant land area in real time. Such systems require specific ...

Evaporation was determined by the energy-budget method for Mirror Lake during the open water periods of 1982–1987. For all years, evaporation rates were low in spring and fall and highest during the summer. However, the times of highest evaporation rates varied during the 6 yr. Evaporation reached maximum rates in July for three of the years, in June for two of the years, and in August for one ...

As such, the moisture budget of individual thunderstorms is of interest. Observational studies (Braham 1952; Foote and Fankhauser 1973; Fankhauser 1988; Heymsfield and Miller 1988) have great uncertainty associated with them because of the difficulties of measuring, or even estimating relatively accurately, both the input of water vapor and the output rainfall of a storm. Numerical modeling (We...

This article investigated the long-term variation of the boreal summer (JJA) moisture circulation over South China (SC). The total precipitable water (TPW) and moisture convergence over SC have increased obviously, such trend is not a local phenomenon, but the result of large-scale circulation anomaly. In the past few decades, the water vapor transport from southern hemisphere and subtropical w...

For regional models, the shallow water table surface is often used as a source/sink boundary condition, as model grid scale precludes simulation of the water table aquifer. This approach is appropriate when the water table surface is relatively stationary. Since water table surface maps are not readily available, the elevation of the water table used in model cells is estimated via a two-step p...

Changes in the 2 H and 18 O of atmospheric water vapour provide information for integrating aspects of gas exchange within forest canopies. In this study, we show that diurnal fluctuations in the oxygen isotope ratio ( δ 18 O) as high as 4‰ were observed for water vapour ( δ 18 O vp ) above and within an old-growth coniferous forest in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Values o...

In humid regions such as west-central Florida, evapotranspiration (ET) is estimated to be 70% of precipitation on an average annual basis (Bidlake et al. 1993; Knowles 1996; Sumner 2001). ET is traditionally inferred from values of potential ET (PET) or reference ET (Doorenabos and Pruitt 1977). PET data are more readily available and can be computed from either pan evaporation or from energy b...

In this paper, to account for the effect of water stresses in the various growth stages under deficitirrigation, the multiplicative, seasonal and minimal approaches are integrated in the BUDGETmodel. To evaluate the model, the simulated yields for winter wheat (was grown in Sharif Abaddistrict) under various levels of water stress were compared with observed yields. The resultshowed, simulated ...

in this paper, to account for the effect of water stresses in the various growth stages under deficitirrigation, the multiplicative, seasonal and minimal approaches are integrated in the budgetmodel. to evaluate the model, the simulated yields for winter wheat (was grown in sharif abaddistrict) under various levels of water stress were compared with observed yields. the resultshowed, simulated ...

Computation of optimal recovery decisions for community resilience assurance post-hazard is a combinatorial decision-making problem under uncertainty. It involves solving a large-scale optimization problem, which is significantly aggravated by the introduction of uncertainty. In this paper, we draw upon established tools from multiple research communities to provide an effective solution to thi...