The Modified Arkansas Off-Stream Reservoir Analysis (MARORA) model estimates the economics of on-farm reservoirs and other water conservation improvements in alternative ground water situations. With restricted ground water supply, a combination of different water conservation methods is estimated to provide the greatest economic return. On-farm reservoirs are not economical if ground water is ...

Alvin Plantinga’s response provides a welcome opportunity to explore more deeply the issues raised by his critique of the historical argument in Warranted Christian Belief (WCB). Between his gracious opening remarks and his closing line he starts so many hares that one could easily spend a hundred pages trying to chase them all down. Forced to be selective, we will focus our attention on five o...

Clean drinking water, our most important resource, needs comprehensive protection. Due to its ubiquitous availability, the awareness of the importance of clean drinking water has partially vanished. Therefore, sensitizing within this context and improving individual ecological behavior has become an important issue in science curricula. We developed a student-centered guided-learning module bas...

More than three decades have elapsed since the passage of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act with its stated goal of zero discharge of pollutants into the nation's waterways. Yet, water quality remains poor in many locations and considerable loading of pollutants continues. This is particularly true for agricultural sources of water pollution and is typified by the Upper Mississippi River ...

Experimental economics research shows that gender can often explain some of the variation in individual behavior in experiments. This is especially true for contextualized games (corruption, environmental protection) in which participants’ behavior is guided by homegrown values and predispositions. We examine the gender differences in environmental behavior and the sharing of payoffs between a ...

With regard to water scarcity in many parts of the world as well as the energy used for water heating in countries where water is abundant, the use of ICT for providing feedback and promoting (hot) water conservation has gained increasing attention. Insights into how consumers can be motivated to adopt technological feedback devices and intensify their water conservation efforts at home are cru...

Many pelagic fishes exhibit ‘yo-yo’ diving behavior, which may serve several possible functions, including energy conservation, prey searching and navigation. We deployed accelerometers and digital still cameras on 4 free-ranging tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier, to test whether their vertical movements are most consistent with energy conservation or prey searching. All sharks swam continuously, ...

Science-based, holistic, site-specific water conservation practices can reduce water use on turfgrass sites without adversely affecting turfgrass performance. However, when water use is decreased below a certain threshold, performance declines. Water conservation measures that reduce turfgrass performance essentially decrease its economic, environmental, recreational, and aesthetic values, whic...

A numerical modeling of coupled flow, transport, and chemical reactions is critical to understand the dynamic processes in natural porous media and manage subsurface resources, such as CO2 sequestration, water aquifers, and oil reservoirs. In this work, two molar formulations for coupled flow, transport, and chemical reactions are proposed, namely, the overall-composition and the element formul...

This paper integrates economic, biological, and physical models to explore the efficient combination and spatial allocation of conservation efforts to protect water quality and increase salmonid populations in the Grande Ronde basin, Oregon. We focus on the effects of shade on water temperatures and the subsequent impacts on endangered juvenile salmonid populations. The integrated modeling syst...