the distinguishing characteristic in the third millennium is planning based on principles of sustainable development in line with nature and all activities related to urban issues. ecological concepts and consequently ecological park refers to a comprehensive and integrated set of measures which create coordination, balance between the constituent elements of the park in order to establish sust...

Background: Accidents caused by children’s play equipment are a severe health threat to them. Implementing the requirements of the safety standards is necessary to ensure the safety of such equipment. The current study aimed to determine the general safety of playground equipment in general parks in Gonabad City, Iran. We also compared the level of the general safety of this equipment with nati...

Between 1960 and 1998, bears caused 42 serious or fatal human injuries in the Province of Alberta—29 (69%) by grizzly (brown) bears (Ursus arctos) and 13 (31%) by American black bears (U. americanus). Considering Alberta’s estimated bear population—about 1,000 grizzly bears and 38,000–39,000 black bears—these numbers suggest that the grizzly bears are the more dangerous of the 2 species. Seriou...

INTRODUCTION Recreational and transportation infrastructure can promote physical activity among children and adolescents. The Play Across Boston community-based research project sought to estimate and compare playground renovation rates across Boston areas before and after a playground quality assessment, to describe changes in playground quality among a subset of parks, and to document feature...

In this paper, several modiications of the Parks-McClellan (PM) program are described that treat the band edges diierently than does the PM program. The rst exchange algorithm we describe allows (1) the explicit speciication of p and s and (2) the speciication of the half-magnitude frequency, !o. The set of lowpass lters obtained with this algorithm is the same as the set of lowpass lters produ...

Root-Nyquist filters are crucial components in data communications and recently the ability to attach fractional sample delay attributes to them has become very important. Here we explore the application of Chebyshev approximation to design of such filters. Special attention is paid to the use of the Karam-McClellan algorithm, a fully complex extension of the well-established ParksMcClellan alg...

OBJECTIVES Physical activity may be constrained or facilitated by local environments. The availability of neighborhood facilities for physical activity may be particularly relevant for youth, who are unable to drive and whose activity is often limited to the immediate distance they are able to walk or bicycle. Several studies have shown that proximity to recreational facilities and parks is one...

The improper layout of urban public parks leads to the difference between citizens sharing or not sharing this kind of public resource, particularly in the historical districts of mountainous cities in China. The purpose of this study is to explore the spatial equity and quantitative measures of urban public parks’ layouts by building a demand index of socially vulnerable groups sharing public ...

t a time of ever more constrained finances and increasing demands on state parks, the support of a constituency with a statewide focus on the health and integrity of a park system as a whole can be critical. This paper assesses Missouri’s experience with constituency groups, including, in the past two decades, a citizen organization devoted solely to state parks and historic sites, the Missouri...