A novel constructed wetland system has been developed to treat sewage, evaporate water and recycle nutrients from single households at sites where effluent standards are stringent and soil infiltration is not possible. Main attributes of the willow wastewater cleaning facilities are that the systems have zero discharge, the willows evapotranspire the water, and nutrients can be recycled via the...

The large-scale reuse of untreated domestic sewage for irrigation is commonplace in many arid and semiarid zones of Latin America, as a result of increasing population pressures, water shortages, and protein shortfalls. Twenty per cent of the land is arid or semiarid, having only 5% of the water resources of the Region; but this land supports 60% of the population (367 million people in 1983-I)...

Rhodobacter capsulatus is a species of purple bacteria, a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. It has diverse metabolism and therefore it can be used as a potent bioremedial agent. An attempt was therefore made to evaluate its effectiveness in improving the physico-chemical quality of water contaminated with sewage waste. Certain parameters for the assessment of qual...

Sodium and chloride concentrations and export increased from 1986 to 2005 in a rural stream in southeastern New York. Concentrations increased 1.5 mg/L per year (chloride) and 0.9 mg/L per year (sodium), and export increased 33,000 kg/year (chloride) and 20,000 kg/year (sodium) during this period. We estimate that salt used for deicing accounted for 91% of the sodium chloride input to the water...

Tile drains and French drains are typically used to control subsurface drainage, especially on greens and fairways with shallow water tables or fine soil texture. Tile drains are defined as "drains constructed by laying drain tile with unsealed joints in the bottom of a trench which is then refilled," whereas French drains are a "type of drain consisting of an excavated trench, refilled with pe...

controlled drainage is one of the strategies to reduce negative environmental effects in conventional drainage systems. this study examines the effect of controlled drainage on quality and quantity of drainage water, specifically amounts of salt and nitrate in drainage water, and nitrate uptake by maize (sc 704) with sandy loam soil texture in karaj. the experiment was performed as a randomized...

In the present work, the ash transformation and deposition behavior during wheat straw and wood waste combustion were investigated by combustion experiments in an entrained flow reactor. The influence of sewage sludge addition on ash chemistry and deposition tendency was also studied. During combustion wheat straw, fine fly ash particles smaller than 2.5 μm are mainly formed due to vaporization...

Transients in water content are well-known to mobilize microorganisms that are retained in the vadose zone. However, there is no consensus on the relative importance of drainage and imbibition events on microorganism release. To overcome this limitation, we have systematically studied the release of Escherichia coli D21g during cycles of drainage and imbibition under various solution chemistry ...

Inland flooding can occur frequently due to localized torrential rainfall magnified by climate change. However, quantitative monitoring measurement has not yet been well-established for evaluating the damage and drainage management of inland flooding. There is also no existing threshold evacuation, on basis such complicated qualitative information. In this study, purpose understanding risk dist...

Abstract With increasing sealing of the catchment surface, time outflow water from decreases and volume surface flowing out increases. This phenomenon has a negative impact on balance area, results in an increase frequency flooding, related to inability existing drainage systems collect waters. paper presents modeling hydraulic conditions selected part storm sewage system. The US EPA’s software...