We investigate the use of water vapour radiometers as a tool for estimating phase due to atmospheric water, focusing on the impact of differing atmospheric conditions on the relationship between path length and brightness temperature. We provide a formula for converting between the two for a variety of atmospheric conditions, and outline how the radiometer channel temperatures may be combined t...

We investigate the use of water vapour radiometers as a tool for estimating phase due to atmospheric water, focusing on the impact of differing atmospheric conditions on the relationship between path length and brightness temperature. We provide a formula for converting between the two for a variety of atmospheric conditions, and outline how the radiometer channel temperatures may be combined t...

Lignin, a natural renewable material, was incorporated in a series of polydimethylsiloxane/silica composites. Besides the effect as bulk filler, the presence of lignin determines the change of some properties among them being surface properties that were evaluated by contact angle and water sorption measurements. The contact angles were determined in static regime by using the sessile drop tech...

The possibility of reliable, reasonably accurate and relatively inexpensive estimates of sensible heat and latent energy fluxes was investigated using a commercial combination thin-film polymer capacitive relative humidity and adjacent temperature sensor instrument. Long-term and unattended water vapour pressure profile difference measurements using low-power combination instruments were compar...

Air quality models that generate the concentrations of semi-volatile and other condensable organic compounds using an explicit reaction mechanism require estimates of the vapour pressures of the organic compounds that partition between the aerosol and gas phases. The model of Griffin, Kleeman and co-workers (e.g., Griffin et al., 2005) assumes that aerosol particles consist of an aqueous phase,...

DURING the spring and early summer months, bees collect large quantities of water for use in the hive for such purposes as softening down winter stores, etc. Hertz (1935) showed without doubt, by means of standard training table experiments, that the honeybee can find pure water by "scent" alone, i.e. that they, can distinguish the presence or relative proximity of water by means of the relativ...

The sensitivity and accuracy to be expected from the ALMA water vapour radiometers is estimated. Even with quite pessimistic assumptions about noise temperature and gain stability, it appears that the sensitivity of the present design is at least a factor of 2 better than the specifications. It is more difficult to predict the medium term stability and accuracy that will be achieved, but the in...