This paper presents a simple sliding mode control strategy used for an electronic differential system for electric vehicle with two independent wheel drives. When a vehicle drives along a curved road lane, the speed of the inner wheel has to be different from that of the outer wheel in order to prevent the vehicle from vibrating and travelling an unsteady path. Because each wheel of this electr...

Electromechanical nose-wheel steering systems give the Medium-haul air-crafts the needed maneuverability and durability. These air-crafts are of intermediate size. They must be able to utilize small airfields, having little or no service and maintenance facilities. During take-off, the nose-wheel steering keeps proper heading. Feedback from the nose-wheel heading is compared with the pilot comm...

This project concerns the design and fabrication of the Automated Guided Robot (AGR) prototype, utilizing genetic algorithm (GA) as a mainframe in helping the robot to generate a self-understanding of the area of work and mobilization to a destination desired by the user. The main objective of this project is to create and develop a Path Planning Mobile Robot able to avoid obstacles in its path...

This study is concerned with path planning in a structured greenhouse, contrast to much of the previous research addressing applications outdoor fields. The prototype mainly comprises an independently driven Mecanum wheel, lidar measuring module, single-chip microcomputer control board, and laptop computer. Environmental information collection mapping were completed on basis computer connection...

In this paper, an antilock–antiskid braking system controller, which has been designed for stability enhancement of vehicles during braking and turning, is presented. Using available signals, a novel structure is proposed for vehicle stability improvement for critical driving conditions such as braking on slippery or μ-split road surfaces. In conventional vehicles, undesired lane changes may oc...

The bare B(8) cluster was previously reported to be a D(7h) molecular wheel with a triplet group state. The B(8)(2-) dianion was predicted to be a closed-shell singlet and double aromatic D(7h) molecular wheel. Here we report the experimental observation of B(8)(2-) stabilized by a Li(+) cation in LiB(8)(-) and its experimental characterization using photoelectron spectroscopy. Theoretical sear...

In movies or on TV, a wheel can seem to rotate backwards, due to the temporal subsampling inherent in the recording process (the wagon wheel illusion). Surprisingly, this effect has also been reported under continuous light, suggesting that our visual system, too, might sample motion in discrete "snapshots." Recently, these results and their interpretation have been challenged. Here, we investi...

Understanding the process of the self-assembly of gigantic polyoxometalates and their subsequent molecular growth, by the addition of capping moieties onto the oxo-frameworks, is critical for the development of the designed assembly of complex high-nuclearity cluster species, yet such processes remain far from being understood. Herein we describe the molecular growth from {Mo150 } and {Mo120 Ce...