This study investigates white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) gene expression levels in the cells of 2 hosts (Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei). Microarray and expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of the mRNA profiles in WSSV-infected P. monodon cells were used to identify WSSV genes that were very highly expressed. Results showed that the mRNA of the WSSV icp11 gene consistently had the hi...

In innate immunity, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a vital role in combating microbial pathogens. Among the AMPs identified in Penaeus monodon, only anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 (ALFPm3) has been reported to exhibit activity against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). However, the mechanism(s) involved are still not clear. In the present study, ALFPm3-interacting proteins were scr...

Apoptosis plays an important role in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) pathogenesis, and caspases are central players in apoptosis. Here, we cloned four novel caspases (Lvcaspase2-5) from the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and investigated their potential roles in WSSV replication using dsRNA-mediated gene silencing. Lvcaspase2-5 have the typical domain structure of caspase family pr...

Vertebrates achieve adaptive immunity of all sorts against pathogens through the diversification of antibodies. However the mechanism of invertebrates' innate immune defense against various pathogens remains largely unknown. Our study used shrimp and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) to show that PjCaspase, a caspase gene of shrimp that is crucial in apoptosis, possessed gene sequence diversity....

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) has been reported to cause severe mortality and economic loss in shrimp culture industry especially black tiger shrimp in worldwide. In present study, Psidium guajava Linn. root bark was serially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol then screened antiviral activity against WSSV by incubating the extracts with WSSV infected haemolymph of Penaeus mono...

Viruses, in particular DNA viruses, generate microRNAs (miRNAs) to control the expression of host and viral genes. Due to their essential roles in virus-host interactions, viral miRNAs have attracted extensive investigations in recent years. To date, however, most studies on viral miRNAs have been conducted in cell lines. In this study, the viral miRNAs from white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) wer...

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a viral pathogen that has caused significant economic losses in shrimp farming. Variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) (open reading frame [ORF] 94, 125 and 75), a large deletion (ORF 23/24) and a transposase were proposed as molecular markers for genotyping. WSSV-infected shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were collected in 2 Brazilian regions (Santa Catarina and B...

The development of shrimp aquaculture has been severely affected by viral diseases resulting in a huge economic burden to the industry. White spot disease (WSD) has caused severe mortality in farmed shrimp in many countries. Globally aquaculture industries face huge economic losses due to rapid spread of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) disease that can cause 100% mortality in a short period of...

Penaeus vannamei (Pacific white legged shrimp), is an exotic shrimp species introduced to India in 2009, and is currently been extensively cultured along the Southeast coastal region of the Country. The expansion of the industry had resulted in mushrooming up of unapproved hatcheries and farms which do not implement adequate biosecurity measures or good management practices required for farming...