a general, simple, practical and convenient method has been described for the synthesis of anesthetic drug thiopental using thiourea in the presence of sodium ethoxide. anesthetic drug of thiopental was prepared in two stages; during the first stage, the alkylation of mthyl cyanoacetate was performed which was then to be followed by cyclization. alkylation of methyl cyanoacetate which was perfo...

BACKGROUND The Transfusion Medicine Unit of Reggio Emilia currently collects whole blood using conventional quadruple Fresenius Top & Top bags. In this study, new Fresenius Top & Bottom bags were assessed and compared to the routine method with regards to product quality and operational requirements. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one whole blood units were collected with both the new and the tr...

an improved and facile preparation of 3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo [3,3,1] nonane(dpt) has been developed starting from urea. in the procedure dpt was synthesized vian,n’-dinitrourea (dnu) as intermediate and various operating parameters such astemperature, ph and molar ratio of reagents have been optimized to give maximum yield ofthe desired product. the low cost method is concise, oper...

The reaction of ketone 1 with primary organolithium reagents in THF/HMPA affords not the expected carbonyl addition product but the product of bromide substitution, in reasonable yield.

In this work, new correlations are proposed to predict the products yield of delayed coking as a function of CCR and temperature based on the experimental results. For this purpose, selected Iranian vacuum residues with Conradson carbon residue (CCR) values between 13.40-22.19 wt.% were heated at a 10 °C/min heating rate and thermally cracked in a temperature range of 400-500 °C in a laboratory...

HYPOTHESIS A facile, dialysis-based synthesis of stable near infrared (nIR) absorbing plasmonic gold nanoparticles (λmax=650-1000 nm) will increase the yield of nIR particles and reduce the amount of gold colloid contaminant in the product mixture. EXPERIMENTS Chloroauric acid and sodium thiosulfate were reacted using a dialysis membrane as a reaction vessel. Product yield and composition was...

We introduce a new threshold model of social networks, in which the nodes influenced by their neighbours can adopt one out of several alternatives. We characterize social networks for which adoption of a product by the whole network is possible (respectively necessary) and the ones for which a unique outcome is guaranteed. These characterizations directly yield polynomial time algorithms that a...

We introduce a new threshold model of social networks, in which the nodes influenced by their neighbours can adopt one out of several alternatives. We characterize the graphs for which adoption of a product by the whole network is possible (respectively necessary) and the ones for which a unique outcome is guaranteed. These characterizations directly yield polynomial time algorithms that allow ...

Reductive methylation of protein amino groups with formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride is shown to give up to 25% yield of N-cyanomethyl (-CH2CN) product; on work up of the reaction this is hydrolysed back to starting amine, lowering the methylation yield. Addition of metal ions such as Ni2+, which complex with free cyanide ion, improve reductive methylation yields by suppressing by-produc...

h MAXIMIZING PRODUCT YIELDS is the primary opportunity to improve profit margins for products during high-volume production. Even more important, quickly ramping yields is tcritical to meeting time-to-market (and ‘‘time-to-money’’) requirements. In several high-profile cases yield issues have materially altered product roadmaps for key sub-40 nm products across the industry, affecting both foun...