after islamic revolution of 1979, the left wing had a new sphere to act in political eras, and overcastted on the other groups, but as soon as possible, the unreligious left leaved the political scene of iran after revolution. it seems the religious groups –as the only legal political actors- are integrated under “islamic republic party” but so soon, we saw the distinction between them all. jus...

Many small passerines regularly fly slowly when catching prey, flying in cluttered environments or landing on a perch or nest. While flying slowly, passerines generate most of the flight forces during the downstroke, and have a 'feathered upstroke' during which they make their wing inactive by retracting it close to the body and by spreading the primary wing feathers. How this flight mode relat...

Wing rock phenomenon is an undesired motion appears in high angles of attack where a rolling in the aircraft in positive and negative roll angles with specified amplitude and frequency is occurred. In this paper two adaptive controllers suggested to control the rolling dynamics under wing rock phenomenon for a delta wing aircraft with presence of disturbance. Disturbance was considered as unmat...

Inhibitor of differentiation-2 (Id2) is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that acts as a negative regulator of the myogenic regulatory transcription factor family, but Id2 has also been implicated in apoptosis in several cell lines. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Id2 has a role in both apoptosis-associated muscle atrophy and muscle hypertrophy. A weight corresponding to 12% of the ...

The wing loading parameter depending on the area and weight aspect ratio parameter, which is shape factor, are main parameters that determine fixed-wing flight mechanics. In this study, relationship between forms style of 195 bird species was evaluated using mass scatter plot. slope chart proportional to 1/wing loading. results showed birds with more per unit tended perform unpowered styles suc...

Thirty-degree pitch-down helicopter crash pulses were examined at the Patuxent River Horizontal Accelerator facility. The pulses used were representative of standard seat qualification crash corridors for a variety of rotary wing platforms. The primary objectives of this effort were 1) to quantitatively determine the effect of varying helmet weight and center of gravity (CG) during simulated ro...

Aerodynamic ground effect in flapping-wing insect flight is of importance to comparative morphologies and of interest to the micro-air-vehicle (MAV) community. Recent studies, however, show apparently contradictory results of either some significant extra lift or power savings, or zero ground effect. Here we present a numerical study of fruitfly sized insect takeoff with a specific focus on the...

In this paper, we take a design-led perspective on the use of computational tools in the aerospace sector. We briefly review the current state-of-the-art in design search and optimization (DSO) as applied to problems from aerospace engineering, focusing on those problems that make heavy use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This ranges over issues of representation, optimization problem fo...