Many producers and consumers of legacy training simulator and game environments are beginning to envision a new era where psycho-socio-physiologic models could be interoperated to enhance their environments' simulation of human agents. This paper explores whether we could embed our behavior modeling framework (described in the companion paper, Part 1) behind a legacy first person shooter 3D gam...

We address the problem of detecting and tracking clusters of moving objects in very noisy environments. Monitoring a crowded football stadium for small groups of individuals acting suspiciously is an example instance of this problem. In this example the vast majority of individuals are not part of a suspicious group and are considered as noise. Existing spatio-temporal cluster algorithms are on...

In this article, we present a technique for efficiently rendering a large crowd of characters while taking steps to avoid a repetitious appearance. There are many typical scenes in games, such as large battles or stadium crowds, which require the rendering of large numbers of characters. We will describe techniques used to draw such crowd scenes, including methods for rendering multiple charact...

One of the original applications of crowdsourcing the construction of knowledge is Wikipedia, which relies entirely on people to contribute, extend, and modify the representation of knowledge. This paper presents a case for combining AI and wisdom of the crowds for the social construction of knowledge. Our social-computational approach to collective intelligence combines the strengths of human ...

In this article we describe an evolutionary ontology approach that distinguishes between major ontology changes and minor ontology changes. We divide the community in three (possibly overlapping) groups, i.e. facilitators, contributors, and users. Facilitators are a selected group of domain experts who represent the intended community. These facilitators define the intended goals of the ontolog...

Information asymmetry is one of the fundamental problems that online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms face. This problem becomes more acute when platforms are used for microfinance, where the targeted customers are mostly economically under-privileged people. Most of the prior empirical studies have been based on data from Prosper.com or similar sites that compete in traditional consumer lo...

The predictive power of stock analyst reports has been used to relate report contents to stock returns or describe herding behavior of analysts themselves. In this paper, the sentiment of analyst reports is related to that of a large social media data set via Granger Causality testing on the basis of wisdom of crowds theory based considerations, in order to investigate whether the two types of ...

Recently, Nature published an article comparing the quality of Wikipedia articles to those of Encyclopedia Britannica (Giles 2005). The article, which gained much public attention, provides evidence for Wikipedia quality, but does not provide an explanation of the underlying source of that quality. Wikipedia, and wikis in general, aggregate information from a large and diverse author-base, wher...

When averaging the estimates of individuals, the aggregate can often come surprisingly close to the true answer. We are interested in extending this “wisdom of crowds” phenomenon to more complex situations where a simple strategy like taking the mode or mean of responses is inappropriate, or might lead to bad predictions. We report the performance of individuals in a series of ordering tasks, w...