In one of the last paragraphs his Tractatus theologico-politicus (1670), Spinoza extolls harmony between people a diversity faiths, maintained by magistracy Amsterdam. However, he also seems apprehensive about possibility return chaos, such as during Arminian Controversies in Dutch Republic 1610s and English Civil War 1640s 1650s. The so-called Wolzogen affair 1668 probably rattled him. Spinoza...

this research endeavors to assess the following questions on the following topic. mohammad khan balouch was one of the political and military elite at the end of safavid dynasty. he was supported by the racial group called balouchs and helped by sunnite sects in southern parts of iran. what were the main factors for his rise? what were the fate and the results of his movement? the rebellion hap...

in the early centuries, the land of persia was a scene of clashes, riots, revolutions – great and small – consisting of various political, religious, and social motivations. in the meantime, maybe the least known of all is the uprising of abū ‘īsā iṣfahānī, which, because he and his followers were jewish and as it was a resurgence in a country with a muslim population as well as due to the ambi...

10 Pieter Bruegel the Elder, while best known for his representations of the landscapes and rustic inhabitants of his native Lowlands, did not restrict himself to these topics—in fact, most of his paintings address religious subjects, even when placing them in carefully constructed landscapes. When Bruegel represented biblical events, such as the Tower of Babel or the Conversion of Saint Paul, ...

Mussel adhesive proteins have been suggested as a basis for environmentally friendly adhesives for use in aqueous conditions and in medicine. However, attempts to produce functional and economical recombinant mussel adhesive proteins (mainly foot protein type 1) in several systems have failed. Here, the cDNA coding for Mytilus galloprovincialis foot protein type 5 (Mgfp-5) was isolated for the ...

Natural proteins are often confined within their local microenvironments, such as three-dimensional confinement in organelles or two-dimensional confinement in lipid rafts on cytoplasmic membrane. Spatial confinement restricts proteins' entropic freedom, forces their lateral interaction, and induces new properties that the same proteins lack at the soluble state. So far, the phenomenon of envir...

The αvβ6 integrin is up-regulated in cancer and wound healing but it is not generally expressed in healthy adult tissue. There is increasing evidence that it has a role in cancer progression and will be a useful target for antibody-directed cancer therapies. We report a novel recombinant diabody antibody fragment that targets specifically αvβ6 and blocks its function. The diabody was engineered...

We previously expressed VbhTA constructs for lysate AMPylation assays from the pRSFDuet-1 backbone, a plasmid with two multiple cloning sites that each enable the expression of constructs from a PT7 promoter. Our constructs encoded either the VbhT toxin alone (with an N-terminal hexahistidine (His6-)tag) to be expressed from the first multiple cloning site or had additionally the VbhA antitoxin...

In the presence of a low pH environment, the channel-forming T domain of diphtheria toxin undergoes a conformational change that allows for both its own insertion into planar lipid bilayers and the translocation of the toxin's catalytic domain across them. Given that the T domain contributes only three transmembrane segments, and the channel is permeable to ions as large as glucosamine(+) and N...