this paper represents a theoretical model from which the supply function for a durable goods is derived. it turns out that consumer at the equilibrium condition equates its user cost with the marginal value of services received by using an additional unit of durable goods. the stock price is obtained from this condition. in addition, at the equilbrium condition for producer, the stock price is ...

We propose a test for invertibility or fundamentalness of structural vector autoregressive moving average models generated by non-Gaussian independent shocks. We prove that in these models the Wold innovations are serially dependent if and only if the structural shocks are non-fundamental. This simple but powerful characterization suggests an empirical strategy to assess invertibility. We propo...

The paper deals with true random number generators employing oscillator rings and namely with the one proposed by Sunar et al. in 2007 and enhanced by Wold and Tan in 2009. Our mathematical analysis shows that both architectures behave identically when composed of the same number of rings and ideal logic components. However, the reduction of the number of rings, as proposed by Wold and Tan, wou...

The Cramér–Wold theorem states that a Borel probability measure P on R is uniquely determined by its one-dimensional projections. We prove a sharp form of this result, addressing the problem of how large a subset of these projections is really needed to determine P . We also consider extensions of our results to measures on a separable Hilbert space. As an application of these ideas, we derive ...

in this paper, we use modified laplace decomposition method to solving initial value problems (ivp) of the second order ordinary differential equations. theproposed method can be applied to linear and nonlinearproblems

Both theorems, (I) and the stronger (II), although they are very simple in their statements, have been conjectured to require Fourier analysis for their proofs; see, e.g., p. 396 of Billingsley [2] for the first and p. 49 of Billingsley [1] for the second part. This note gives probabilistic proofs of the two theorems and thus answers this conjecture to the negative. The main argument of the pro...