the second half of the third hijri century, coinciding with the reign of three caliphs, al-mu’tamid (256-79 ah), al-mu’tadhid (279-89 ah), and al-muktafi (289-95 ah), abbasids restored their authority and renewed their organization. this reform process which was began by abu ahmad al-muwaffaq (d. 278 ah) and reached its climax at the time of abu al-abbas al-mu’tadhid stood between two decline p...

The paper attempts to consider the figure of Knyaz Vsevolod Yaroslavich Kiev in context personality, family and features rule. Based on sources their critical analysis, author tried collect all available material order present this son Yaroslav Wise as a person, well head Rus difficult period its development. Special attention is paid connection his reign with state health. lived long life for ...

The study of the eighteenth-century parliament has intensified in Hungary over past decade and a half. This tendency is part larger European historiographical trend which revalued role Diets political decision-making culture. Hungarian Diet 1764–1765 traditionally seen as an outstanding event century, at same time turning point reign Maria Theresa. After bitter experiences gained here, she did ...