introduction: the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 17% ethylene,di-amine, tetra-acetic acid (edta), 6% phosphoric acid and erbium: yttrium, aluminum, garnet (er:yag) laser in removing the smear layer by scanning electron microscopy. methods: in this study, 80 single-rooted human teeth were selected. instrumentation was done by use of hand files and step-back technique...

background: laser ablation has been suggested as an alternative method to acid etching; however, previous studies have obtained contrasting results. the purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (sbs) and fracture mode of orthodontic brackets that are bonded to enamel etched with acid and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser. materials and methods: in this expe...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the scanning electron microscope (sem) of indirect composite conditioned by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd:yag) laserand carbon dioxide (co2) laser. methods: 18 indirect composite blocks (gc gradia da2, japan) with 15 × 10 × 10 mm dimensions were made. the bonding s...

Thermal conductivity of 9.8 at% Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Yb:YAG) ceramics has been measured by three systems at Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA Paris-Saclay) and the National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS). For accurate measurements, thermal impedances in should be negligibly small. However, each system includes some impedance a heat flow...