Health care staff who operate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices are exposed to a static magnetic field of significant spatial heterogenity always produced by MRI magnets during the whole shift. They can also be exposed to pulses of a time-varying magnetic field (gradient field) present only during patients' examinations. The level of the workers' exposure depends both on the type of the ...

In this paper, a numerical exposure assessment method is presented for a quasi-static analysis by the use of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm. The proposed method is composed of scattered field FDTD method and quasi-static approximation for analyzing of the low frequency band electromagnetic problems. The proposed method provides an effective tool to compute induced electric field...

Laboratory measurements have been carried out with examples of Wi-Fi devices used in UK schools to evaluate the radiofrequency power densities around them and the total emitted powers. Unlike previous studies, a 20 MHz bandwidth signal analyzer was used, enabling the whole Wi-Fi signal to be captured and monitored. The radiation patterns of the laptops had certain similarities, including a mini...

The mobile phone industry has been one of the fastest growing industries in modern history. Today, India has million mobile phone users, and mobile phones account for 88% of all telecommunication users. The rural sector accounts for more than 25% of all wireless phone users and this proportion is bound to grow as affordability of mobile phones continues to increase. In the years ahead, an ever-...

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل رابطه بین مهارت‌های رهبری پایدار و مؤلفه‌های هم‌­آفرینی نقش میانجی اعتماد شناختی از دیدگاه اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام گرفت.طراحی/روش­‌شناسی/رویکرد: روش توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه در سال تحصیلی 98-99 به تعداد 323 نفر بودند که استفاده نمونه­‌گیری تصادفی ساده 230 انتخاب شدند. برای سنجش متغیرهای پرسش­نامه محقق‌­ساخته پایایی 93/0، پرسشنامه هم­‌آ...

This paper describes the assessment of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) base stations in a commercial NR network Bern, Switzerland. During measurement campaign, four station sites were investigated and induced by massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MaMIMO) antennas was assessed at 22 positions, distances between 30 m 410 m. T...

Realistic human downlink exposure at 3.5 and 28 GHz to electromagnetic fields is evaluated for distributed collocated base stations using a hybrid ray-tracing/finite-difference time-domain method. For the first time, absorbed power density computed massive multiple-input multiple-output (DMaMIMO) 6G GHz. The results are compared with 5G stations. Computational costs drastically increased A larg...

Human exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) at 50 Hz is still a topic of great interest due to the possible correlation with childhood leukaemia. The estimation of induced electric fields in human tissues exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) strictly depends on several variables which include the dielectric properties of the tissues. In this paper, the influence of th...

In situ electromagnetic (EM) radio frequency (RF) exposure to base stations of emerging wireless technologies is assessed at 311 locations, 68 indoor and 243 outdoor, spread over 35 areas in three European countries (Belgium, The Netherlands, and Sweden) by performing narrowband spectrum analyzer measurements. The locations are selected to characterize six different environmental categories (ru...