In the early embryo, a series of symmetric, paired vessels, the aortic arches, surround the foregut and distribute cardiac output to the growing embryo and fetus. During embryonic development, the arch vessels undergo large-scale asymmetric morphogenesis to form species-specific adult great vessel patterns. These transformations occur within a dynamic biomechanical environment, which can play a...

Our current understanding of the evolution of the mammalian middle ear was first suggested by embryological studies from the 19th century. Here, site-specific recombinase-mediated lineage tracing was used to define the second branchial arch contribution to the middle ear of wild-type and Hoxa-2 mutant embryos. The processus brevis of the malleus was found to arise from second arch tissues, maki...

Intra-oral appliances such as transpalatal arch and Nance appliance fail to resist against forces that tend to loosen the anchorage. The infirmity arises due to the long lever arm and the mesial force that is perpendicular to the long axis of the appliance. The butterfly arch is presented here as an intra-oral appliance that withstands the mesially directed forces with a mechanism that puts str...

Like finger prints each individual has a unique dental arch form design. Recording patient's dental arch form may be required in various fields in dentistry be it longitudinal studies for evaluating growth, forensic dentistry and most importantly in orthodontic practice for fabricating arch wires for individual patients. An easy and practical method to obtain individual arch form for each patie...

Plantar fasciitis is characterised by pain involving the medial calcaneal tubercle that is exacerbated after periods of nonweightbearing (Tountas & Fornasier, 1996). Although the pathogenesis is poorly understood, lower limb biomechanics or foot types that result in a lowered and elongated medial longitudinal arch have been widely cited as causal factors in the development of the condition (Cor...

background : the concepts of ‘intelligence’ and ‘intellectual performance’ though seem alike, but are different. intelligence assessment of an individual is technical, is done by the application of multiple, reliable and validated, iq (intelligence quotient) tests on the same individual in different settings (date, place and time). however, ‘intellectual performance’ (ip) has a reference only t...

Bovine aortic arch refers to the most common variant of aortic arch branching in humans. This configuration can be found in approximately 27% of the population and can be further divided into 2 subtypes. In the less usual subtype (7%, Figure 1 – panel A), the innominate artery (usually 1-2.5 cm long) trifurcates into the left common carotid artery, the right common carotid artery and the right ...

ARCH 100 Introduction to Architecture Orientation to contemporary local architecture practice in the context of the history of architectural theory; examination of the changing role of the architect through history; introduction to the formal language and vocabulary of the discipline. Emphasis given to developing written and presentations skills. Lecture: 2 Lab: 3 Credits: 3 Satisfies: Communic...