This study examined control of cardiovascular and renal function during chronic melanocortin-3/4 receptor (MC3/4-R) activation or inhibition. Arterial and venous catheters were implanted in Sprague-Dawley rats for measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) 24 h/d and for intravenous infusions, and the lateral ventricle was cannulated for chronic intracerebroventricular (IC...

We examined whether systemic or central nervous system (CNS) inhibition of nitric oxide synthase exacerbates the cardiovascular responses of chronic CNS melanocortin 3/4 receptor activation. Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with telemetry probes, venous catheters, and intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulae were divided in 3 groups. After control measurements, the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME was i...

Disturbance observer-based control method has achieved good results in the car-following scenario of intelligent and connected vehicle (ICV). However, gain conventional extended disturbance observer (EDO)-based is usually set manually rather than adjusted adaptively according to real time traffic conditions, thus declining performance. To solve this problem, a strategy ICV using EDO by reinforc...

Objective(s): Growing evidence demonstrates that L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway has a modulatory role in pain perception. Previous studies have shown that thymoquinone exerts antinociceptive effects; however, the mechanisms underlying antinociception induced by thymoquinone have not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP c...

sex hormone is supposed to modify pain sensitivity. the aim of the present study was to investigat, the role of 2 adrenergic receptors in nociception using formalin test. formalin test was performed by subcutaneous injection of 50 ml formalin (%2.5) solution into hind paw. animals were divided into 4 groups as control group (intact animal), sham group (received 2µl of artificial csf by icv rout...

TVB-N is one of the important indexes freshness chilled pork. To present more accurately and completely, a visualization technology chemical composition was applied optimized for pork detection. Two hyperspectral cameras covering visible near-infrared wavebands were used to detect content. GA, SPA, iPLSR, siPLSR employed select characteristic from spectra data extracted images, PLSR models esta...

A 56-year-old male patient was admitted for catheter ablation of highly symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. During the procedure, a rare anatomic variation with an interrupted inferior caval vein (ICV) branching suprarenal into an azygos venous continuation draining into the superior caval vein was detected. Using angiography, a continuation of the ICV leading into the liver, subdividin...

To elucidate the control of hepatic cholesterol metabolism by leptin, rats were administered IV (intravenous) leptin, ICV (intracerebroventricular) leptin or saline. A single low dose of ICV leptin was as effective as a continuous IV infusion of high-dose leptin at decreasing the activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase. These results indicate th...

Angiotensin II (ATII) causes through the central nervous mechanism certain cardiovascular disorders. Th e participation of a central nervous component in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmia caused by Angiotensin is stated. Th e present paper describes the action exerted by ATII on the cardiac rhythm, after intracerebroventricular administration (icv) in rats anesthetized with ethylic urethane. Th...

The purpose of this article is to compare the visualization quality of ICV and their tributaries on PSI-MRV, 3D CE-MRV, and 3D CE-FSPGR. PSI-MRV has been shown to delineate the ICV, TSV, SV, anterior caudate nucleus veins, and medial atrial veins effectively. Due to its advantages of no contrast material injection, acceptable examination times, and no arterial contamination, PSI-MRV should be c...