In this study, indium-tin oxide (ITO)/Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) composite films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and used as transparent contact layers (TCLs) in GaN-based blue light emitting diodes (LEDs). The ITO/AZO TCLs were composed of the thin ITO (50 nm) films and AZO films with various thicknesses from 200 to 1000 nm. Conventional LED with ITO (200 nm) TCL prepared by E-beam e...

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on methodological aspects of the information technology outsourcing (ITO) surveys, in an attempt to improve the data quality and reporting in survey research. It is based on a review of thirty articles on ITO surveys and focuses on two commonly explored dimensions of ITO, namely what are outsourced and why should there be ITO. This study highl...

Indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) were deposited on a (100) P-type monocrystalline Si substrate by a radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Polycrystalline ITO and anatase TiO2 films were obtained at room temperature (RT). The thickness of ITO (60 to 64 nm) and TiO2 (55 to 60 nm) films was optimized, considering the optical response in the 40...

By combining the large Purcell effect of photonic crystal nanocavity and strong plasma dispersion transparent conductive oxides, ultra-compact silicon modulators with heterogeneously integrated indium-tin-oxide (ITO) can potentially achieve unprecedented energy efficiency. In this article, we report first high-speed modulator driven by an ITO gate, achieving 1.94 GHz bandwidth. On-off-key modul...

Nano-scale surface roughness in transparent ITO films was artificially formed by sputtering a mixed Ag and ITO layer and wet etching of segregated Ag nanoparticles from the surface of the ITO film. Effective removal of self-segregated Ag particles from the grain boundaries and surface of the crystalline ITO film led to a change in only the nano-scale surface morphology of ITO film without chang...

The Ito cell (fat-storing cell) lies in perisinusoidal space of liver and has a variety of functions. We investigated the immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of Ito cells in normal and cholestatic livers of broiler chickens. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Ito cells expressed HHF35 muscle actin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), ...

Polystyrene sphere was chosen as a catalyst to fabricate indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanowires (NWs) with a low-temperature (280-300 °C) electron-beam deposition process, bearing high purity. The ITO NWs with diameter of 20-50 nm and length of ~2 um were obtained. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscope show high crystal quality. The transmittance is above 90 % at a wa...

Gold nanoparticles (GNP) and RGD peptide modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was fabricated to enhance the electrochemical signals from neural stem cells (HB1.F3). Aminopropyltrimethoxylane (APTMS) was selfassembled on ITO electrode surface to immobilze GNP and its topological characteristics were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thereafter, cysteine containing RGD peptide...

BACKGROUND Transient outward K currents (Ito) have been reported both to suppress and to facilitate early afterdepolarizations (EADs) when repolarization reserve is reduced. Here, we used the dynamic clamp technique to analyze how Ito accounts for these paradoxical effects on EADs by influencing the dynamic evolution of repolarization reserve during the action potential. METHODS AND RESULTS I...