For the edge e = uv of a graph G, let nu = n(u|G) be the number of vertices of G lying closer to the vertex u than to the vertex v and nv= n(v|G) can be defined simailarly. Then the ABCGG index of G is defined as ABC...

Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837), are fish ectoparasites causing significant economic damage in the mariculture of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758. The control of L. salmonis at fish farms relies to a large extent on treatment with anti-parasitic drugs. A problem related to chemical control is the potential for development of resistance, which in L. salmonis is do...

Over the past decade, the ABC model of flower development has been widely promulgated. However, correct flower-organ development requires not only the ABC genes but also the SEPALLATA genes. When the SEPALLATA genes are expressed together with the ABC genes, both vegetative and cauline leaves are converted to floral organs. Most of the ABC genes and all three SEPALLATA genes encode MADS transcr...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is an excess risk of breast cancer among female employees of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), especially outside Queensland, compared with women in the general populations of the states and territories. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We used an occupational cohort design. Information from ABC staff records was linked with data from state an...

In their article titled ‘‘Estimating species trees using approximate Bayesian computation’’ Fan and Kubatko present an algorithm called ST-ABC to sample the posterior distribution of species trees (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59: 354– 363). The authors claim that ST-ABC is an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) algorithm. Here, I argue that one of the steps in their algorithm diffe...

This paper presents an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for structural optimization of planar and space trusses under stress, displacement and buckling constraints. In order to improve the performance of the classic ABC algorithm, modifications in neighborhood searching method, onlooker phase, and scout phase are proposed. Optimization of different typical truss structures is performed usi...