Polymer materials are multiscale systems by definition. Already the description of a single macromolecule involves multitude scales, and cooperative processes in polymer assemblies governed their interplay. Polymers have been among first for which systematic techniques were developed, yet they continue to present extraordinary challenges modellers. In this Perspective, we review popular models ...

Spontaneous self-assembly in molecular systems is a fundamental route to both biological and engineered soft matter. Simple micellisation, emulsion formation, polymer mixing principles are well understood. However, the behind emergence of structures with competing length scales matter remain an open question. Examples include droplet-inside-droplet assembly many biomacromolecular undergoing liq...

Abstract We formulate and compare optimization models of investment in renewable generation using a suite social planning that compute optimal capacity investments for hydro-dominated electricity system where inflow uncertainty results risk energy shortage. The optimize the expected cost expansion operation allowing hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, thermal plant, as well battery storage smoothin...