OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine how tympanic membrane (TM) perforations and their closure, using a paper-patch technique, affect middle-ear mechanics and, thus, conductive hearing for different sizes of the TM perforation. STUDY DESIGN Temporal bone (TB) study and prospective clinical trial. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Nine patients with chronic otitis media for mor...

Our previous work focuses on combining translation memory (TM) and statistical machine translation (SMT) when the TM database and the SMT training set are the same. However, the TM database will deviate from the SMT training set in the real task when time goes by. In this work, we concentrate on the task when the TM database and the SMT training set are different and even from different domains...

The apicoplast, a non-photosynthetic plastid of apicomplexan species, has an extremely reduced but highly conserved genome. Here, the apicoplast genome of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (Pcc) isolate CB was characterized. Although the set of genes in the genome is identical, the copy number of some tRNA genes differs between Pcc and other Plasmodium species because the...

It has been revealed that TM protein functions correspond well to the TM topologies [the number of TM segments (tms), the loop length and the N-terminus location] [4, 5] and long loop regions contain functional domains. Recently, our group proposed a novel approach for classifying and identifying the functional classification and identification of TM protein functions based on TM topology infor...

To gain an insight into the processes underlying disease resistance and its durability, the durable Tm-2(2) resistance gene was compared with the broken Tm-2 resistance gene. The Tm-2 gene of tomato could be isolated via PCR with primers based on the Tm-2(2) sequence. The Tm-2 gene, like the Tm-2(2) gene, encodes an 861 amino acid polypeptide, which belongs to the coiled coil/nucleotide binding...

Osteoclastogenesis is an essential process during bone metabolism which can also be promoted by inflammatory signals. Thrombomodulin (TM), a transmembrane glycoprotein, exerts anti-inflammatory activities such as neutralization of proinflammatory high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) through TM lectin-like domain. This study aimed to identify the role of myeloid TM (i.e., endogenous TM expression o...

Thrombomodulin (TM) is highly expressed in endothelial cells and acts as a natural anticoagulation factor to maintain circulation homeostasis. TM is an interesting molecule with many physiological functions, including anti-inflammation, anti-thrombosis, and carcinogenesis inhibition. TM can also be detected on the spinous layer of epidermal keratinocytes. However, the role of epidermal TM is st...

We examined whether recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhs-TM) reduces compression trauma-induced spinal cord injury through protein C activation in rats. Administration of rhs-TM, either before or after the induction of spinal cord injury (SCI), markedly reduced the resulting motor disturbances. However, neither rhs-TM pretreated with an anti-rhs-TM monoclonal antibody (MAb) F2H5, which...

Aligned amino acid sequences of three functionally independent samples of transmembrane (TM) transport proteins have been analyzed. The concept of TM-kernel is proposed as the most probable transmembrane region of a sequence. The average amino acid composition of TM-kernels differs from the published amino acid composition of transmembrane segments. TM-kernels contain more alanines, glycines, a...

Tetrathiomolybdate (TM), a potent copper-chelating drug, was initially developed for the treatment of Wilson's disease. Our working hypothesis is that the fibrotic pathway is copper-dependent. Because biliary excretion is the major pathway for copper elimination, a bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model was used to test the potential protective effects of TM. TM was given in a daily dose of 0.9 m...