OBJECTIVES To estimate the excess costs for children in the years surrounding initial diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to estimate differences in treatment costs by ethnicity. DESIGN We identified children diagnosed with ADHD and estimated their health service costs in the 2 years before and 2 years after initial diagnosis of ADHD. Costs were compared with thos...

Parents of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) often have elevated ADHD and depressive symptoms, both of which increase the risk of ineffective parenting and interparental discord. However, little is known about whether child ADHD/ODD behavior and parent ADHD or depressive symptoms uniquely or synergistically predict the quality ...

Individuals with ADHD may self-medicate with nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in tobacco smoke, in order to reduce symptoms and negative moods associated with ADHD. ADHD medication (e.g., methylphenidate and atomoxetine) may mimic some of the effects of nicotine and may aid smoking cessation in smokers with ADHD. The present study examined if ADHD medication reduces smoking and withdr...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized clinically by hyperactive/impulsive and/or inattentive symptoms which determine diagnostic subtypes as Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive (ADHD-HI), Predominantly Inattentive (ADHD-I), and Combined (ADHD-C). Neuroanatomically though we do not yet know if these clinical subtypes reflect distinct aberrations in underlying brain org...

The risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) is considerably increased in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This review explores ADHD-specific neurocognitive impairments as possible ADHD-depression comorbidity. Two systematic literature searches were conducted EBSCOhost, PubMED, and Cochrane Reviews databases according to P...

BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder and estimated to affect approximately 10% of children 5% of adults. It associated with impaired functioning. Recognition appropriate treatment can make a substantial difference. OBJECTIVE The aim this article provide framework for recognising ADHD ways that it present at different stages li...

As more children enter preschool programs, there is an increasing need for early education professionals to recognize and understand Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study examined 120 Greek childhood educators’ knowledge of ADHD using a self-report Knowledge Questionnaire (ADHD-KQ). All participants worked in infant/child centers operated by municipalities Greece. Results ...

Abstract While the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is dominated by pharmacological agents, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) gaining attention as an alternative method for treatment. Most current meta-analyses have suggested that tES can improve cognitive functions are otherwise impaired in ADHD, such inhibition and working memory, well alleviated clinical s...