Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. In addition to blood transfusion and sexual transmission, HTLV-1 is transmitted mainly through prolonged breastfeeding, and such infection represents a major risk for the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Although HTLV-1...

Human T-lymphotropic viruses types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) cause chronic infections of T lymphocytes that may lead to leukemia and myelopathy. However, their long-term effects on blood counts and hematopoiesis are poorly understood. We followed 151 HTLV-I-seropositive, 387 HTLV-II-seropositive, and 799 HTLV-seronegative former blood donors from 5 U.S. blood centers for a median of 14.0 ye...

HTLV-1 is implicated in the development of diverse diseases. However, most HTLV-1-infected individuals remain asymptomatic. How HTLV-1 infection leads to disparate consequences remains a mystery, despite extensive investigation of HTLV-1 isolates from infected individuals. As in human infection, experimental HTLV-1 infection in rabbits is generally benign, although HTLV-1-infected rabbit T cell...

background human t-cell lymphotropic virus types ι and ιι (htlv-ι and htlv-ii) are deltaretroviruses which may cause leukemia, lymphoma and htlv-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). in addition, htlv-1 may be related to thalassemia and hemophilia cases after blood transfusion. objectives the aim of this study was evaluation of the prevalence of htlvs in patients with he...

Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 2 (HTLV-2), a common infection of intravenous drug users and subpopulations of Native Americans, is uncommon in the general population. In contrast with the closely related HTLV-1, which is associated with both leukemia and neurologic disorders, HTLV-2 lacks a strong etiologic association with disease. HTLV-2 does shares many properties with HTLV-1, includi...

The major route of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is mother-to-child transmission caused by breast-feeding. We investigated the host immune responses to orally established persistent HTLV-1 infection in adult rats. HTLV-1-producing MT-2 cells were inoculated into immunocompetent adult rats either orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally. HTLV-1 proviruses were detected...

Although the structure of human T lymphoptropic virus type I (HTLV-I) has been known well, the function of some proteins encoded by HTLV-I PX region is not fully understood. Furthermore, the responses of the immune system to HTLV-I remain still unknown. Most of HTLV-I-infected individuals show a strong and persistently activated cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response to the virus. The frequency of HTL...

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) andlor HTLV type I1 (HTLV-11) in certain populations in Data on qualified blood donors are limited primarily to those in the southeast region of Brazil, while the country's 8,400,000 square miles include diverse geographic, climatic, and sociodemographic characteristics. To assist in the formulation of...

UNLABELLED Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) are highly related retroviruses that transform T cells in vitro but have distinct pathological outcomes in vivo. HTLV-1 encodes a protein from the antisense strand of its proviral genome, the HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), which inhibits Tax-1-mediated viral transcription and promotes cell proliferation, a hig...

We compared the sensitivities of the prototype human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)- and HTLV-II-transformed cell lines, MT2 and Mo-T, with that of an HTLV-II-infected cell line, clone 19, established in our laboratory, in the immunofluorescence (IF) test for detection of antibody to HTLV-I and HTLV-II. In addition, IF antibody titers with the three antigens were determined, and the ...