The first signal model for a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-array communication receiver multilevel modulation schemes is reported. This paper proposes novel, generalised SPAD array and noise both digital analogue, synchronous asynchronous readout arrays, which includes the competition between input photons, dark counts after-pulsing counts. With this contention model, signals including v...

the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertigation frequency on lint yield, lint properties, chlorophyll content (spad readings), and the photosynthesis rate (pr) of cotton. this study was carried out in the southeastern anatolia region of turkey in 2011 and 2012 with drip-irrigated cotton. the maximum lint yield (1,856 kg ha-1) was obtained with one lateral for e...

in order to study the effects of conventional and conservation tillage with management residue on wheat physiological properties, a field experiment was conducted in 2013-2014 at mashhad agricultural and natural resources research center of razavi khorasan province. this experiment was carried out as split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. main plo...

ELECT A fast tracking system is demonstrated that is based on single laser illumination and a few single-pixel single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors that improves on the previous tracking of non-line-of-sight motion by a factor of 300 in laser power. With an average illumination power of only 2 mW, a 15 cm ×15 cm object located up to 2.5 m away is tracked whilst outside of the direct l...

There is a growing interest in photoplethysmography (PPG) for the continuous monitoring of cardio-respiratory signals by portable instrumentation aimed at early diagnosis cardiovascular diseases. In this context, it conceivable that PPG sensors working different wavelengths simultaneously can optimize identification apneas and quantification associated heart-rate changes or other parameters dep...

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring the application of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) optical wireless communication (OWC). As photon counting detector, SPAD can provide much higher sensitivity compared to other commonly used photodetectors. However, SPAD-based receivers suffer from significant dead-time-induced non-linear distortion and signal dependent noise....

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are widely used for weak light detection due to their high gain and sensitivity. Unfortunately, SPAD devices have random telegraph signal (RTS) noise during the transition phase, which makes circuit design more difficult. Therefore, modeling of RTS in is great significance processing circuits. However, not included traditional equivalent model. In response...