Human LL-37 is a multifunctional antimicrobial peptide that promotes inflammation, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. Most effects of LL-37 are mediated via the activation of the cell surface G protein-coupled receptor FPR2 on leukocytes and endothelial cells. Although LL-37 induces chemotaxis, degranulation, and chemokine production in mast cells, the receptor involved and the ...

The human cathelicidin LL-37 has been shown to play a role in host defense against influenza A viruses (IAV) through direct antiviral effects and through modulating inflammatory responses to infection. We recently showed that LL-37 increases neutrophil respiratory burst and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) responses to IAV through engaging formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR-2). In this paper we ...

The human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is involved in various aspects of skin biology, including protection against infection, wound healing, and also in psoriasis. The tight regulation of apoptosis is critical in tissue repair and its deregulation is a part of the psoriasis phenotype. Despite being involved in cell death of several cell types, virtually nothing is known about the f...

We investigated light acclimation in seedlings of the temperate oak Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and the co-occurring sub-Mediterranean oak Quercus pyrenaica Willd. Seedlings were raised in a greenhouse for 1 year in either 70 (HL) or 5.3% (LL) of ambient irradiance of full sunlight, and, in the following year, subsets of the LL-grown seedlings were transferred to HL either before leaf flushi...

PURPOSE To evaluate the potential utility of collagen-based corneal implants with anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1 activity achieved through sustained release of LL-37, from incorporated nanoparticles, as compared with cell-based delivery from model human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) transfected to produce endogenous LL-37. METHODS We tested the ability of collagen-phosphorylcholine impl...

BACKGROUND Human cathelicidin LL-37 is a cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) which possesses a variety of activities including the ability to neutralise endotoxin. In this study, we investigated the role of LPS neutralisation in mediating LL-37's ability to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS signalling in human monocytic cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Pre-treatment of monocytes with L...

We performed continuous and manual in situ measurements of CO2 efflux from the leaf litter layer (R(LL)) and water content of the leaf litter layer (LWC) in conjunction with measurements of soil respiration (RS) and soil water content (SWC) in a temperate forest; our objectives were to evaluate the response of R(LL) to rainfall events and to assess temporal variation in its contribution to R(S)...

A new parsing method called LLLR parsing is defined and a method for producing LLLR parsers is described. An LLLR parser uses an LL parser as its backbone and parses as much of its input string using LL parsing as possible. To resolve LL conflicts it triggers small embedded LR parsers. An embedded LR parser starts parsing the remaining input and once the LL conflict is resolved, the LR parser p...

n-phthaloyl gaba was administrated daily (50 mg/kg body weight-i.p) to wistar rats for 21 days and circadian rhythms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) and antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (gsh), catalase (cat) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were studied under constant light (ll) conditions. delayed acrophase of tbars and advanced acrophase of antioxidants (gsh, cat and ...