Background: The Food and Drug Administration patient-reported outcome (PRO) guidance provides standards for PRO development, but these standards bring scientific and logistical challenges which can result in a lengthy and expensive instrument development process. Thus, more pragmatic methods are needed alongside traditional approaches. Methods: Partnering with the National Ankylosing Spondyliti...

OBJECTIVES To examine the long-term effects of dioxin-exposure, particularly with regard to cancer mortality, in a follow-up 23 years after closure of the chemical plant (Hamburg, Germany). METHODS The study comprised all persons (1191 men/398 women) employed in the plant on a full-time basis for a minimum of 3 months between 1952 and 1984 when the plant was closed down. Mortality follow-up w...

Cause specific mortality was investigated among 36 622 members ofa national furniture workers' union who were first employed in unionised shops between 1946 and 1962. Overall mortality for each race and sex group was less than expected when compared with United States death rates (white men SMR = 0-8, black men SMR = 0 7, white women SMR = 0-8, black women SMR = 0 5); however, raised risks were...

[1] Small mountainous rivers (SMR) export globally significant quantities of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the oceans, the composition of which may be distinct from POC delivered by major world rivers. To better constrain the controls on the DC signatures of POC suspended in SMR, we examined the temporal variability of DC and dC of POC suspended in the Santa Clara River, a SMR in Californ...

The application of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) shows promising results in stroke rehabilitation, but the underlying neural substrates and processes of successful BCI-based neurorehabilitation remain unclear. The goal of our present work was to identify the brain areas associated with successful visuomotor integration and motor learning (VMIL), and investigate their connection with successfu...

BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa is a mental disorder with high mortality. AIMS To estimate standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and to investigate potential prognostic factors. METHOD Six thousand and nine women who had in-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa were followed-up retrospectively using Swedish registers. RESULTS The overall SMR for anorexia nervosa was 6.2 (95% CI 5.5-7.0). Anor...

Transporters of the small multidrug resistance (SMR) family are small homo- or heterodimers that confer resistance to multiple toxic compounds by exchanging substrate with protons. Despite the wealth of biochemical information on EmrE, the most studied SMR member, a high-resolution three-dimensional structure is missing. To provide proteins that are more amenable to biophysical and structural s...

A small subset of the large pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family in higher plants contain a C-terminal small MutS-related (SMR) domain. Although few in number, they figure prominently in the chloroplast biogenesis and retrograde signaling literature due to their striking mutant phenotypes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of PPR-SMR proteins focusing on Arabidopsis and ma...

Standard metabolic rate (SMR), active metabolic rate (AMR) and critical oxygen saturation (Scrit) were measured in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua at 5, 10 and 15) C. The SMR was 35·5, 57·0 and 78·2 mg O2 kg "1 h and Scrit was 16·5, 23·2 and 30·3%, at 5, 10 and 15) C, respectively. Previously reported SMR for Atlantic cod from arctic waters at 4) C was twice that measured at 5) C in the present study...

Cell size, measured as either volume or mass, is a fundamental indicator of cell state. Far more tightly regulated than size is density, the ratio between mass and volume, which can be used to distinguish between cell populations even when volume and mass appear to remain constant. Here we expand upon a previous method for measuring cell density involving a suspended microchannel resonator (SMR...