R RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Preface This essay was prepared for a project sponsored by the Office of Research and Development, Central Intelligence Agency, on the decisionmaking of leaders in states that may be obtaining or using weapon...

This study contributes to knowledge of Anopheles species, including vectors of Plasmodium from the western Brazilian Amazon in Porto Velho, Rondônia State. The sampling area has undergone substantial environmental changes as a consequence of agricultural and hydroelectric projects, which have caused intensive deforestation and favored habitats for some mosquito species. The purpose of this stud...

This paper locates the field of TESOL1 within a broad and complex social context marked by dramatic and dynamic technological and socio-economic changes that have taken place over the few last decades in many countries in the world. Understanding these transformations is crucial for educators because it facilitates understanding of the educational and professional needs of people (Saha 1997; Al...

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Effective Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) requires both a qualitative analysis of potential human errors and a quantitative assessment of the likelihood of those errors. One of the main conclusions from an International HRA Empirical Study is the importance of qualitative analysis when performing HRA. Although qualitative data collection is relatively well established for HRA in the nuclear in...

We quantified the clonal diversity of the New Zealand marine trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis (n = 1250) within Zeacumantus subcarinatus snail (n = 25) and Macrophthalmus hirtipes crab (n = 25) intermediate hosts using four to six microsatellite loci, and investigated the potential biological and physical factors responsible for the observed genetic patterns. Individual snails harboured on...

The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) plays a key role in malaria sporozoite infection of both mosquito salivary glands and the vertebrate host. The conserved Regions I and II have been well studied but little is known about the immunogenic central repeat region and the N-terminal region of the protein. Rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei parasites, in which the endogenous CS gene has been replaced ...

Sterile immunity can be provided against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria by IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) T cells that recognize parasite-infected hepatocytes. In this study, we have investigated the use of attenuated fowlpox virus (FPV) strains as recombinant vaccine vectors for eliciting CD8(+) T cells against Plasmodium berghei. The gene encoding the P. berghei circumsporozoite (PbCS) pr...