Ca2+ fluxes through ionotropic glutamate receptors regulate a variety of developmental processes, including neurite outgrowth and naturally occurring cell death. In the CNS, NMDA receptors were originally thought to be the sole source of Ca2+ influx through glutamate receptors; however, AMPA receptors also allow a significant influx of Ca2+ ions. The Ca2+ permeability of AMPA receptors is regul...

Fast excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system is largely carried out by AMPA-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors. Localized within the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic spines, AMPA receptors are composed of heterotetrameric receptor assemblies associated with auxiliary subunits, the most common of which are transmembrane AMPA-receptor regulatory proteins (T...

C o m m e n t a r y Stargazin (STZ), the prototypical member of the trans­ membrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP) family, can boost AMPA receptor activity to enhance synaptic currents as much as one third. The effects of STZ on microscopic and macroscopic AMPA receptor currents are consistent with a mechanism in which STZ facilitates opening of the AMPA receptor channel. How­ ever, th...

S 47445 is a novel positive allosteric modulator of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPA-PAM). S 47445 enhanced glutamate's action at AMPA receptors on human and rat receptors and was inactive at NMDA and kainate receptors. Potentiation did not differ among the different AMPA receptors subtypes (GluA1/2/4 flip and flop variants) (EC50 between 2.5-5.4 ...

BACKGROUND Isoflurane and pentobarbital can reduce alpha-amino-d-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptor-mediated toxicity in vitro. However, their effect on AMPA toxicity in vivo is not known. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of isoflurane and pentobarbital on the in vivo neurotoxicity produced by AMPA. METHODS Wistar-Kyoto rats were allocated to one o...

Glutamate is recognized as a prominent excitatory transmitter in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and is involved in transmission of osmoregulatory information from the osmoreceptors to the vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) neurons. Explants of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system were utilized to characterize the roles of the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtypes (non-NMD...

The single-channel properties of AMPA receptors can affect information processing in neurons by influencing the amplitude and kinetics of synaptic currents, yet little is known about the unitary properties of native AMPA receptors in situ. Using whole-cell and outside-out patch-clamp recordings from granule cells in acute cerebellar slices, we found that migrating granule cells begin to express...

Several recent studies have shown that glyphosate and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), resist rapid degradation and, therefore, can accumulate in plants. Continuing our previous research, we aimed to investigate the effect of indirectly spraying on leaves soil non-target plants case Helianthus annuus L. The were treated with their 5–6 leaf stages, effects which assessed two we...

Synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses in the brain is largely achieved by rapid changes in the number of synaptic -amino3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors. Stargazin, a membrane protein that interacts with AMPA receptors, is believed to play a pivotal role in trafficking AMPA receptors to the plasma membrane and targeting them to the synapse. However, it is unclear ...