introduction: a thyroid nodule is a palpable swelling in a thyroid gland with an otherwise normal appearance. palpable thyroid nodules occur in 4 to 7 percent of the population. nodular thyroid diseases are more frequent in women than in men. most actions of thyroid hormone are mediated by the active form of thyroid hormone. d2 is essential for formation of active hormone of t3 through deiodina...

Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is clearly associated with atherosclerosis. Studies in ischemic stroke patients reveal that there is a significant association between CIMT with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and osteopontin (OPN) promoter polymorphism. This research aims to explain the effect of MCP-1 and OPN promoter polymorphism toward CIMT changes identified in Javanese Ind...

background: premenstrual dysphoric disorder (pmdd) is a mood disorder characterized with physical and affective symptoms during the luteal phase of susceptible women. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the association of dopamine d3 receptor ( drd3 ) polymorphism, and cannabinoid receptor type 1 ( cnr1 ) polymorphism with pmdd. materials and methods: fifty one participants with...

background: recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) defined by two or more failed pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation. several factors play a role in rpl including thrombophilic conditions which can be influenced by gene polymorphisms. plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) genes are closely related to fibrinolytic process, embryonic development and pregna...

Local vascular immune response is primarily initiated via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1). We previously showed that certain TLR and TREM-1 gene polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we hypothesized that these gene polymorphisms are associated with atherosclerosis severity. This study included 292 con...

Exonuclease 1 (Exo 1) is an important nuclease involved in the mismatch repair system that contributes to maintaining genomic stability, modulating DNA recombination and mediating cell cycle arrest. A cytosine (C)/thymine (T) common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at second position of codon 439 in exon 10 of Exo 1 determines a threonine (Thr, T) to methionine (Met, M) (T439M) aminoacidic ...

Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α (ACC-alpha) is considered as the key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis. ACC-alpha gene is located on Caprine chromosome 11 and is polymorphic in many goat breeds. In the current study, we aimed to find possible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exon 1 region of the ACC-alpha gene in Iranian Mahabadi goat breed. Genomic DNA was extracted fro...