Direct reprogramming of somatic cells into a pluripotent state has been achieved with a set of just four transcription factors. Many scientists and medical doctors are trying to elucidate the causes of intractable diseases and discover new drugs using the newest types of technology. Various methods have been developed to produce clinical-grade fully reprogrammed cells for cell transplantation t...

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The score of the piano work nr. 7 Klavierstu ck XI by Karlheinz Stockhausen (1957) [4] consists of 19 fragments of music. The performer is instructed to choose at random one of these fragments, and play it; then choose another, different, fragment and play that, and so on. If a fragment is chosen that has already been played twice, the performance ends. It is natural to ask how many different w...

During recent years, bibliometric studies have become increasingly important in evaluating individual scientists, institutes, and entire observatories. In astronomy, often librarians are involved in maintaining publication databases and compiling statistics for their institutions. In this paper, we present a look behind the scenes to understand who is interested in bibliometric statistics, whic...

Regulatory approval documents contain valuable information, often not published, to assess the drug–drug interaction (DDI) profile of newly marketed drugs. This analysis aimed to systematically review all drug metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetics, and DDI data available in the new drug applications and biologic license applications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014, u...