The blood pressure (BP) response to a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II (saralasin), was evaluated serially along with renal hemodynamics and sodium clearance in dogs with constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava which were undergoing chronic sodium and water balance studies. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma and urinary aldosterone, and plasma volume were measured periodically. ...

Neutron reflectometry was used to determine the distribution of salt ions and water in thin poly(acrylic acid) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) polyelectrolyte multilayers assembled with and without salt. Increasing salt concentration reverses the exclusion of water from the substrate region, eventually leading to an asymmetric segregation of water near the substrate at high salt concentratio...

salt crystallization is one of the most important weathering agents and may limit the durability of building stones. salt crystallization induces stresses inside the pores of stones. consequently, stone durability is closely related to its physical properties and strength. the purpose of this study was to propose a statistical model for estimating stone durability against salt crystallization c...

The chemical potentials of each solute in an aqueous mixture of two electrolytes have been determined for many systems. For example, the activity coefficients of both hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride in mixed aqueous solution have been derived from emf measurements [I]. The isopiestic vapor pressure method has been used [2] to determine the activity coefficients of each solute in aqueous m...

The coastal, unconfined aquifer at Huntington Beach, California contains saline groundwater (33 psu) adjacent to the water line, and a brackish groundwater (BGW) mixing zone (3–9 psu) approximately 50m from the water line. According to salinity and water isotope analyses, the BGW composition varies spatially in the alongshore direction. Measurements obtained from two BGW wells indicate this wat...

The importance of dietary salt may explain why bees are often observed collecting brackish water, a habit that may expose them to harmful xenobiotics. However, the individual salt preferences of water-collecting bees were not known. We measured the proboscis extension reflex (PER) response of Apis mellifera water foragers to 0-10% w/w solutions of Na, Mg and K, ions that provide essential nutri...

Stress is a major factor that causes diseases and mortality in the aquaculture industry. The goal was to analyze the expression of stress-related biomarkers in response to different stressors in yellow perch, which is an important aquaculture candidate in North America and highly sensitive to handling in captivity. Three fish groups were established, each having four replicates, and subjected t...

Previous studies have shown that a combination of avoidance conditioning schedules and increased intake of salt and water results in progressive hypertension in dogs within 14 days. The present experiments investigated the effects of increasing potassium intake upon blood pressure and heart rate of dogs made hypertensive by avoidance conditioning and salt-water loading. Two daily 30-minute sess...

Eosin is one of the original dyes of xanthenes derivatives. It is also one of the main derivatives of fluorescein and has brilliant fluorescence. Eosin disodium salt called "Eosin Y" is the most useful form of this compound. In common procedures, eosin is usually obtained by the action of bromine on fluorescein, which has not good yield and purity degree. In this research, it is prepared by the...