The precision of multisource national forest inventory (MS-NFI) estimators and simple synthetic estimators based on NFI field data only was assessed employing an independent inventory data set of several small areas in Eastern Finland. There were seven test units of size 100 km2 and three test units of size 1 km2 for which a systematic field sampling was carried out. The ‘improved’ MS-NFI metho...

investigation and preparing of wind erosion intensity maps are the main objectives of this research. in this research, the working unit map was prepared and then nine effective factors in wind erosion according to irifr.e.a model are determined at each of seven homogeneous units. according to the results, active sand dunes and landuse change showed the highest value with the rate of annual sedi...

Due to human activities, the Colombian Andean forests have lost about 85% of their original cover and very few species of primates persist in these fragmented landscapes. In the Western Cordillera, we evaluated the population density of Alouatta seniculus and Cebus capucinus by line transect census methodology, in a pre-montane isolated forest fragment of 559 ha, between 1200 to 1700 m of altit...

1World Health Organization, Polio Eradication Initiative, Islamabad, Pakistan (Consultant, 2001). 2World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3National Institutes of Health, Expanded Programme on Immunization, Islamabad, Pakistan, Received: 31/03/03; accepted: 14/01/04 ABSTRACT We sought to identify factors associated with being a reservoir district for wild poliovirus in Pakistan. Differe...

INTRODUCTION A de-functioning loop ileostomy (LI) reduces the consequences of anastomotic leak following low anterior resection, but its construction as well as its closure can be associated with complications. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for postoperative complications and particularly to determine if operation performed by trainees carry a higher risk of complica...

Flooding is the most widespread and frequent natural disaster in developing countries. Until recent years, determining flood extent inundation depth were undertaken using hydrodynamic models but have pertinence constraints data-scarce regions. This has given new potential to characterize floods (e.g., inundation, depth, duration) at a large-scale geomorphic approach. The SAR data was employed d...

Humans have had a significant impact on the terrestrial pedosphere through activities such as agriculture and urbanization. The effects of human activities on land use and the related environmental changes were investigated through point and areal studies surrounding Meiliang Bay, which is an open area of extreme eutrophication in Taihu Lake, China. This study used remote sensing and environmen...

This study examined associations between mother-infant nighttime interactions and mother-infant attachment when infants were 12 months old. Forty-four mother-infant pairs participated in this study. For three consecutive nights at home, babies were observed in their cribs using a digital video system. Mothers reported on their nighttime interactions with their babies using a self-report diary a...

Energy production in the United States for domestic use and export is predicted to rise 27% by 2040. We quantify projected energy sprawl (new land required for energy production) in the United States through 2040. Over 200,000 km2 of additional land area will be directly impacted by energy development. When spacing requirements are included, over 800,000 km2 of additional land area will be affe...