The α-fetoprotein fraction L3 (AFP-L3), which is synthesized by malignant cells and incorporates a fucosylated oligosaccharide, has been investigated as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Quantification of AFP-L3 by conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has not always produced reliable results for serum samples with low AFP, and thus we evalu...

This paper studies the state complexity of (L1L2) , L1 L2, L ∗ 1L2, (L1 ∪L2)L3, (L1∩L2)L3, L1L2∩L3, and L1L2∪L3 for regular languages L1, L2, and L3. We first show that the upper bound proposed by [Liu, Martin-Vide, Salomaa, Yu, 2008] for the state complexity of (L1L2) R coincides with the lower bound and is thus the state complexity of this combined operation by providing some witness DFAs. Al...

Triazoles are known for their non-toxicity, higher stability and therapeutic activity. Few nucleoside (L1, L2 and L3) and non-nucleoside 1,2,3-triazoles (L4-L14) were synthesised using click chemistry and they were screened for tumor cell cytotoxicity and proliferation. Among these triazole ligands studied, nucleoside ligands exhibited higher potential than non-nucleoside ligands. The nucleosid...

Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide and the therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is mainly limited due to resistance. Recently, we have demonstrated that nucleolar stress upon 5-FU treatment leads to the activation of ribosome-free rpL3 (L3) as proapoptotic factor. In this study, we analyzed L3 expression profile in colon cancer tissues and demonstrated tha...

Learning a new L2/L3 will undoubtedly be affected by the L1/L2 knowledge of the language learners. The present study examined the lexical interplay among L1, L2 and L3. Two different types of L3 (German and Japanese) were used to evaluate how the bilingual learners’ knowledge of L1 (Chinese) and L2 (English) would impact on the learning of L3 in terms of their different types of lexical relatio...

Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L3 stimulates the in vitro helicase activity of Bacillus stearothermophilus PcrA helicase upon a variety of different substrates. L3 has no intrinsic helicase or ATPase activity nor is it able to stimulate the ATPase activity of PcrA. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that the affinity of PcrA for a variety of different DNA species (single-stranded, nicked an...

Burrow systems of earthworms contained in artificial cores were analysed through X-ray computed tomography and 3D skeleton reconstructions. Gas diffusion experiments were carried out on these cores to characterize soil transfer properties associated with the different burrow systems. Three types of cores were studied: cores in which Aporrectodea nocturna, an anecic earthworm was introduced (tre...