This fourteen year long study in the Florida scrub on the Lake Wales Ridge demonstrated that visually searching for open burrows of Geolycosa spiders was an effective method for sampling populations in the winter dry season, except one year when abnormally high precipitation during an El Niño event caused many spiders to close their burrows. Not only could the two endemic Geolycosa species be i...

Reproduction on mudflats requires that eggs are protected from different environmental challenges during development and hatch when environmental conditions are favorable for survival of juveniles. Mudskippers are air-breathing, amphibious gobies of the subfamily Oxudercinae, and one of a few vertebrates that reside on mudflats. They excavate burrows in mudflats and deposit eggs in them. Howeve...

Most of the millions burrow-nesting petrels that breed at Tristan da Cunha are susceptible to light pollution. On dark, misty nights, become disoriented by artificial lights, mainly from...

A formulation of zinc phosphide with reduced active ingredient (40% concentrate) was evaluated for its rodenticidal activity in wheat, rice and sugarcane crops at farmer fields Punjab, India. Comparison made the existing (80% second generation anticoagulant bromadiolone (0.25% concentrate). Cereal based baits containing different doses new (1.5, 2.0 2.5%) (2%) (0.005%) were applied through burr...

Small strongyles (‘small red worm’) are the most common and harmful intestinal worm of horses worldwide and account for 95% of faecal worm egg count burdens. The adult worms are small (1-2 cm long) and live in the horse’s large intestine (Fig. 1). The adult worms lay eggs which pass onto the pasture in the manure. Larvae (immature worm) hatch from the egg and cleverly migrate up blades of grass...

Ocean acidification (OA), caused by the dissolution of increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in seawater, is projected to cause significant changes to marine ecology and biogeochemistry. Potential impacts on the microbially driven cycling of nitrogen are of particular concern. Specifically, under seawater pH levels approximating future OA scenarios, rates of ammonia oxid...

© 1992 International Society for Behavioral Ecology We observed radio-implanted Merriam's kangaroo rats disposing of 10-g bonanzas of rolled oats in 48 trials in the field. The principal determinant of the initial disposition of discovered food was apparently its distance from the day burrow: food found within about 10m was mainly larder hoarded, whereas food encountered farther afield was usua...

The importance of predation and burrow digging in explaining the evolution of sociality is generally unclear. We focused on New World hystricognath rodents to evaluate three key predictions of the predation hypothesis. First, large-bodied surface-dwelling species will be more vulnerable because they are more detectable; thus sociality should be associated with body size. Second, surface-dwellin...