Drought is a global phenomenon that occurs virtually in all landscapes causing significant damage both in natural environment and in human lives. Due to the random nature of contributing factors, occurrence and severity of droughts can be treated as stochastic in nature. Early indication of possible drought can help to set out drought mitigation strategies and measures in advance. Therefore dro...

This paper examines past drought and assesses future drought scenarios for the Arkansas Red River Basin using two common drought indexes, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Historical climate data within the 1900–2009 time frame were used to derive the past drought index estimates. The projected climate data under two greenhouse gas emission sce...

Water-level fluctuations (WLF) affect the ecological processes and patterns of lakes in several ways. Aquatic habitats and feeding or breeding grounds are gained or lost, as light, climate and wave impacts change to mention only a few phenomena. While the phenomenon of WLF has been studied in many rivers (better known as flood pulse, Junk & Wantzen, 2004) and environmental flows (Bunn et al., 2...

This paper studies a financial exchange in which liquidity may “dry up” endogenously. The drought is generated on a model of a limit order book under conditions of asymmetric information and an evolving fundamental. The book exhibits an equilibrium spread that is in steady state when it balances the rate that traders acquire information with the rate at which their stock of information decays. ...

Using CO2 data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), it is found for the first time that the mid-tropospheric CO2 concentration is ~1 part per million by volume higher during dry years than wet years over the southwestern USA from June to September. The mid-tropospheric CO2 differences between dry and wet years are related to circulation and CO2 surface fluxes. During drought conditions...