The cyanide overload of 40 cassava (gari) processing workers, 25 frequent consumers of cassava foods and 20 cigarette smokers (all Nigerians) were assessed using a new simple kit method for determination of thiocyanate (cyanide metabolite) in urine. The mean thiocyanate measured in the urine of three groups of cassava processing workers were 9.48±2.8, 8.70±2.23, and 7.46±2.57 ppm. The mean thio...

Acute toxicity of commercial grade organophosphate insecticide, quinalphos (25% emulsified concentration) to common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was tested through bioassay. The acute toxicity of quinalphos to the fingerlings exposed for 96 hr was found to be 2.75 ppm. For sub lethal toxicity study, the fish were exposed to two concentration viz., 1/10th of LC50 (0.275 ppm) and 1/5th of LC50 (0.55 pp...

Human dental pulp cells were cultured in fluoride containing medium of various concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 80 ppm) in order to study the biological effect on the cells' proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. It was found that fluoride at 5 ppm concentration significantly stimulated cell proliferation and ALP activity between 24 and 48 hours after...

Based on acute and chronic inhalation studies conducted mostly in experimental animals, the target tissue for acetaldehyde has consistently been at the portal of entry with effects occurring primarily in the upper respiratory tract at lowest concentrations. The major noncancer health effects of acute exposure in humans to acetaldehyde vapors consist of irritation to the eyes, skin, and respirat...

Perchloroethylene, the most widely used solvent in dry cleaning, is toxic to the liver, kidneys and central nervous system and may be a human carcinogen. An exposure assessment was carried out in 69 dry-cleaning shops using perchloroethylene in Tehran city, Iran. The 8-h time weighted average (TWA) breathing zone air samples and end-exhaled air samples were obtained from 179 workers who worked ...

–A study was study wasundertaken to investigate the effect of graded levels of inorganic Zn (zinc carbonate) on growthperformance and oxidative defense mechanism inweaned female Sprague Dawley rats for experimental duration of 16 weeks.Ninety weaned rats (93.83 ± 1.308g Bwt) were randomly allotted to 30 replicates with 3 rats in each replicate which were in turn randomly allotted to 5 dietary t...

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding growing pigs a diet low in selenium (Se) and vitamin E (E) with and without supplementation of various levels of Se and/or E on tissue Se and serum tocopherol concentrations. Nine of 10 pigs fed the unsupplemented cull pea diet had lesions attributed to a Se-E deficiency and eight of these pigs died during the 135-day experiment. No de...