We present a novel scheme for the transmission of H.264/AVC video streams over packet loss networks. The proposed scheme exploits the error resilient features of H.264/AVC codec and employs Reed-Solomon codes to protect effectively the streams. A novel technique for adaptive classification of macroblocks into three slice groups using Flexible Macroblock Ordering is also proposed. The optimal cl...

In this paper, we proposed an intra 16×16 line-by-line (LbL) prediction. First, we find suitable quantization parameters (QP) for the high resolution videos without the significant subjective quality degradation. Then, we show that closer reference pixels give better prediction through the experiment. Using this observation, we propose an improved intra prediction method. In the proposed method...

The robustness of the recently ratified video compression standard H.264/MPEG-4 AVC against channel errors is evaluated with the focus on rate distortion matters. After a brief introduction of the standard and an explanation of its error-resistant features, it is investigated how the error resilience tools of H.264 can be deployed best for packet-wise transmission as in ATM, H.323, and IP-based...

The H.264/AVC design adopts a multidirectional spatial prediction model to reduce spatial redundancy, where neighboring pixels are used as a prediction for the samples in a data block to be encoded. In this paper, a recursive prediction scheme and an enhanced (block-matching algorithm BMA) prediction scheme are designed and integrated into the state-of-the-art H.264/AVC framework to provide a n...

Jin Ho Han et al. 491 An application specific processor for an H.264 decoder with a configurable embedded processor is designed in this research. The motion compensation, inverse integer transform, inverse quantization, and entropy decoding algorithm of H.264 decoder software are optimized. We improved the performance of the processor with instruction-level hardware optimization, which is tailo...

The age-associated alteration in expression levels of carboxylesterases (CESs) can affect both intestinal and hepatic first-pass metabolism after oral administration of xenobiotic esters such as prodrugs. In this study, the age-related expression of CES isozymes and hydrolase activities were simultaneously investigated in liver, jejunum, and ileum from 8-, 46-, and 90-week-old rats. Rat liver e...

The a3b4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype is widely expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including in airway sensory nerves. The nAChR subtype transduces the irritant effects of nicotine in tobacco smoke and, in certain brain areas, may be involved in nicotine addiction and/or withdrawal. Menthol, a widely used additive in cigarettes, is a potential analgesic...

We reported earlier that a nontoxic form of anthrax toxin was capable of delivering a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope in vivo, such that a specific CTL response was primed against the epitope. The epitope, of bacterial origin, was fused to an N-terminal fragment (LFn) from the lethal-factor component of the toxin, and the fusion protein was injected, together with the protective antigen (P...

As the successive video compression standard of H.264/AVC, High Efficiency Video Codec (HEVC) will play an important role in video coding area. In the deblocking filter part, HEVC inherits the basic property of H.264/AVC and gives some new features. Based on this variation, this paper introduces a novel dual-mode deblocking filter architecture which could support both of the HEVC and H.264/AVC ...

The growth of Internet applications has become widely used in many different fields. Such growth has motivated video communication over best-effort packet networks. Multimedia communications have emerged as a major research and development area. In particular, computers in multimedia open a wide range of possibilities by combining different types of digital media such as text, graphics, audio, ...