Because of the associations between fat intakes and the development of several major chronic diseases, governmental and health authorities in Western nations have voiced consistent recommendations for reductions in fat consumption over the past 35 years (Cannon, 1992). In these countries, fat consumption has been arguably the foremost public health nutrition issue over most of this period; yet,...

Objective: To determine the extent that physical activity accounts for changes in body composition and body weight over time, independent of dietary intake and other potential confounding factors. Methods and Procedures: A cohort of 256 women ages 35-45 at baseline participated in the study. A prospective design was utilized with baseline and follow up assessments 20-months apart. Primary asses...

Evidence suggests that paternal diet can predispose offspring to metabolic dysfunction. Despite this knowledge, little is known regarding the effects of paternal high-fat feeding on offspring insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate for the first time the effects of paternal high-fat feeding on whole-body and skeletal muscle insulin action in young and adult offspring. ...

BACKGROUND Fat deposition in muscle has been found to be related to metabolic risk. OBJECTIVE This study compared soleus intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) concentrations after consumption of weight-maintaining, controlled diets differing in total fat and fat type. DESIGN This study consisted of 3 phases of 25 d each in a crossover, controlled feeding design. The low-fat (LF) diet provided 30.8%...

High fat feeding reportedly enhances hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress in adult rats. The present study tested whether elevated fat intake during suckling could have short and/or long lasting consequences on HPA regulation in the offspring. Mothers were fed either a control (C; 5% fat) or high fat (HF; 20% fat) diet during the last week of gestation and throughout lactati...

BACKGROUND Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is elevated in obese humans. However, the potential role of abdominal visceral fat as an important adipose tissue depot linking obesity to elevated MSNA has not been explored. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that MSNA would be increased in men (age=18 to 40 years, body mass index < or =35 kg/m2) with higher abdominal visceral fat (HAVF; ...

The absorption of fat was studied in five male subjects with cannulation of the thoracic duct in the neck by the administration of doubly labeled monoglycerides, or triglyceride as well as labeled free glycerol or labeled free oleic acid, by gastric or duodenal intubation.Total recoveries of the administered glyceride radioactivity from the lymph lipids ranged from 35 to 53% for the glycerol la...

BACKGROUND The fatty acid content and saturation degree of the diet can modulate HDL composition and cholesterol efflux. OBJECTIVE We studied the modifications in plasma lipoprotein particles and serum capacity to stimulate cholesterol efflux induced by different fatty acids. DESIGN Seventeen women and 24 men followed in the same sequence 4 diets containing 35% of total energy as fat. The s...

BACKGROUND Current dietary guidelines recommend that dietary fat should comprise 20-35% percent of total energy intake, with less than 10% of energy from saturated fat. However, many Americans exceed these goals and data suggest that African Americans tend to consume a higher percentage of energy from dietary fat than Whites. Because diets low in dietary fat, particularly saturated fat, are ass...