In 2005 a simple wetting method was developed that reduced total cyanide content of cassava flour 3–6fold. The method involved spreading wet flour in a thin layer and standing in the shade for five hours to allow evolution of HCN gas. We found that breakdown of linamarin catalysed by linamarase to acetone cyanohydrin, followed by its spontaneous decomposition to HCN and acetone was greatly incr...

Lon L. Fuller's The Case of the Speluncean Explorers is a classic in jurisprudence. The case presents five judicial opinions which clash with each other and produce for the reader an exhilarating excursion into fundamental theories of law and the state and the role of courts vis-i-vis legislatures and executives. Though the issues articulated by Fuller are timeless, the past thirty years in jur...

We solve algorithmic geometrical problems in real 3-space or the real plane arising from applications in the area of cad, computer vision, and motion planning. The problems include parallel and central projection problems, shade and cast shadow problems, reconstruction of objects from images, oosets of objects, Voronoi diagrams of a nite families of objects, and collision of moving objects. Our...

We report on growth and survivorship of two cohorts of blue oaks Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. (Fagaceae) monitored at Hastings Reservation in Monterey County, California, the first growing in an unprotected old field and measured as seedlings in 1965 and the second planted as acorns in 1985 in several sites differing in their degree of protection from grazing. Growth of all individuals was ex...

Different drying methods viz., Sun drying, shade drying and tray drying (temperature 45, 55 and 65 0C) were used for dehydration of curry (Murraya koenigii) leaves for optimal retention of color and its constituents. It was observed that the time required for tray drying was less (27%), when compared to sun and shade drying. Tray dried (550C) curry leaves had maintained nutritional constituents...

Preface Invictus Out of the night that covers me, Black as the Pit from pole to pole, I thank whatever gods may be For my unconquerable soul. In the fell clutch of circumstance I have not winced nor cried aloud. Under the bludgeonings of chance My head is bloody, but unbowed. Beyond this place of wrath and tears Looms but the Horror of the shade, And yet the menace of the years Finds, and shall...

The paper proposes the automatic opening and closing blinds’ structure. There is a bearing support seat located at the bottom of the inner beam to let the link rod set the position. Also, there are a front thread and a reversed thread, and a screw driven device on both sides of the link rod. Moreover, at the lateral end of the front and reversed threads, they are equipped with the holder of the...

An enhanced adaptive differential evolution algorithm is described and applied to the CEC 2011 test suite of real-world optimization problems. The new algorithm combines success-history based adaptation known from SHADE and the competition of the various strategies in differential evolution. The comparison of the newly proposed algorithm (called SHADE4) with the algorithm winning in CEC 2011 co...

Coffee can be cultivated under various management schemes from heavy shade to full sun. Higher yields are generally achieved in full sun but often at the expense of smaller beans and greater requirements for water and nutrients. We compared growth, yield, bean size, and total value in a coffee agroecosystem in Hawaii grown in full sun or at two shade levels (30 and 50%) under Leucaena variety K...

It is quite difficult to select suitable ornamental plants for shady and low-light environments, but understanding the adaptations of plants that grow naturally in such conditions can lead to greater chances of success in horticulture. Shade-plants essentially follow strategies of optimum use of available energy and of conservation of energy. Adaptations to achieve these strategic goals include...