Introduction In Finland, the forest canopies are the main source of the volatile organic compounds (VOC). These forests are representative of the boreal ones, and they cover about 80% of the total land area of the territory of Finland. The forests throughout the country are utilised commercially and managed regularly with the consequence that the natural tree species composition is much affecte...

Physical and functional properties of foliage were measured at a variety of microsites in a broad-leaved Nothofagus fusca (Hook. f.) Ørst. canopy. The light climate of the foliage at these sites was monitored for 39 days in the late spring and early summer with in situ sensors. Foliage nitrogen content (N), mean leaf angle, and gas exchange characteristics were all correlated with the amount of...

Significant Findings: 1. Apple leaf quality deteriorates with the season. We confirmed in multiple seasons that L. subjuncta larval development is prolonged and pupal weight is decreased on apple foliage as the season progresses. These data indicate the apple leaves are a relatively good food material for Lacanobia larvae early in the season but deteriorate in quality later in the season. Simil...

1 We assessed the importance of several factors potentially affecting the settlement rate of the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) on uninfested foliage of the eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis . We conducted our experiments in Massachusetts (U.S.A.) with overwintering sistens adelgids, and applied standard densities of infested foliage to uninfested branches...

, ABSTRACT. 1. The preference of Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) for the foliage of Quercus alba L. (Fagaceae) grown under water deficit was examined. Potted Q.alba saplings were grown under controlled levels of water deficit in a glasshouse. Adult C. arcuata were exposed to excised Q.alba foliage under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, and feeding preference assessed ...

Single-scattering theory is shown to be insufficient for the estimation of effective propagation constant in foliage at high microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Clusters of broad leaves and needles are treated as a unit scatterer whose ensemble forward scattering is used in Foldy’s approximation to estimate attenuation rate in foliage. It is shown that single-scattering approximation ove...

Thirty five growing male goats (6.98±0.86 kg BW) were divided into five equal groups with seven animals in each group. The five dietary treatments were consisted of varying proportions of Moringa foliage (Moringa oleifera) and napier grass (Pennisetum purpurium); T1 (100% Moringa foliage); T2 (75% Moringa foliage+25% napier grass); T3 (50% Moringa foliage+50% napier grass); T4 (25% Moringa foli...

The rate of CO(2) reduction in the S-triazine-resistant biotype of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) was lower at all levels of irradiance than the rate of CO(2) reduction in the susceptible biotype. The intent of this study was to determine whether or not the lower rates of CO(2) reduction are a direct consequence of the same factors which confer triazine resistance. The quantum yield of...

1. Previous work has shown that transmission of some insect pathogens is a non-linear process. A number of hypotheses have been put forward as explanations for this phenomenon; however, none have proven wholly satisfactory. Here we test the effects on transmission of spatial distribution of an insect virus by testing whether or not experimental manipulations of pathogen clumping lead to differe...