Here, we present an analysis and interpretation of the experiment performed by Jacques et al. (2007 Science 315 966), which represents a realization of Wheeler’s delayed-choice Gedankenexperiment. Our analysis is based on the evolution of the photon state, since the photon enters into the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a removable beam-splitter until it exits. Given the same incident photon s...

We introduce a scheme for creating continuous variable entanglement between an atomic beam and an optical field, by using squeezed light to outcouple atoms from a Bose-Einstein condensate via a Raman transition. We model the full multimode dynamics of the atom laser beam and the squeezed optical field and show that, with appropriate two-photon detuning and two-photon Rabi frequency, the transmi...

PURPOSE The aim of this work was to comprehensively evaluate a new large field ion chamber transmission detector, Integral Quality Monitor (IQM), for online external photon beam verification and quality assurance. The device is designed to be mounted on the linac accessory tray to measure and verify photon energy, field shape, gantry position, and fluence before and during patient treatment. ...

Introduction: MRI-only treatment planning (TP) can be advantageous in paediatric radiotherapy. However, electron density extraction is necessary for dose calculation. Normally, after bone segmentation, a bulk density is assigned. However, the variation of bone bulk density in patients makes the creation of pseudo CTs challenging. This study aims to assess the effects of bone den...

We have scattered photons from an interfering path of a multiple beam Ramsey interference experiment realized with a cesium atomic beam. It is demonstrated that in multiple beam interference the decoherence from photon scattering cannot only lead to a decrease but, under certain conditions, also to an increase of the Michelson fringe contrast. In all cases, the atomic quantum state loses inform...

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of PbO nano and micro-sized fillers on ordinary and heavy concretes for different photon energies. Material and Methods: The MCNPX Monte Carlo code (version 2.6.0) was used for all simulations in the present study. A model of narrow-beam geometry was validated and utilized to calcul...

When a left-circularly polarised Gaussian light beam, which has spin angular momentum (SAM) J(sp) = sigmah = 1h per photon, is incident along one of the optic axes of a slab of biaxial crystal it undergoes internal conical diffraction and propagates as a hollow cone of light in the crystal. The emergent beam is a superposition of equal amplitude zero and first order Bessel like beams. The zero ...

In electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), the scattering rate of a probe beam is greatly reduced due to destructive interference between two dressed atomic states produced by a strong laser beam. Here we show that a similar reduction in the single-photon scattering rate can be achieved by tuning a probe beam to be halfway between the resonant frequencies of two modes of a cavity. This ...

We report preparation and characterization of coherent superposition states t[0>+alpha]1> of the electromagnetic field by conditional measurements on a beam splitter. This state is generated in one of the beam splitter output channels if a coherent state [alpha> and a single-photon Fock state [1> are present in the two input ports and a single photon is registered in the other beam splitter out...

Background: The aim of present study was to analyze the effectiveness of electron filters in the Telecobalt radiotherapy treatment by simulation technique.  Materials and Methods: The BEAMnrc Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the electron filters of thickness of 0.5 gm/cm2 below the trimmer bar for 35 × 35 cm2 field size in Theratron Equinox-80 telecobalt unit. The electron filters were mad...