T he development of a silicon chip, such as the Affymetrix 10K Xba 131, bearing sufficient oligonucleotides to analyse 10 913 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) presents a new method for seeking autosomal recessive loci. This letter describes a practical strategy to analyse the data output of such an ‘‘SNP-chip’’ for this purpose. Autozygosity mapping, first suggest by Lander and Botstein, ...

The genetic relationships between different populations and breeds of exotic dairy goats in Thailand were studied using 12 microsatellite markers. Blood samples were obtained from 211 goats from Department of Livestock Development breeding and research farms: 29 Anglonubian (AN), 21 Alpine (AP), 23 Jamunapari (JAM), 50 Saanen (SN), and 88 Toggenburg (TG). Five of the 12 microsatellite markers w...

in study, spherical silver nanoparticles (snps) were synthesized by chemical reduction method from a metal precursor silver nitrate in presence of an anionic surfactant and strong reducing agent. in this experimental work, snps are synthesized in presence of different concentration of stabilizing agent and effect of stabilizing agent on size distribution of snps have been observed. further anti...

Heterozygosity is a metric of genetic variability frequently used to inform the management threatened taxa. Estimating observed and expected heterozygosities from genome-wide sequence data has become increasingly common, these estimates are often derived directly genotypes at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. While many SNP markers can provide precise processes, results ‘downstream’...

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mutations is important for the discovery of genetic predisposition to complex diseases. PCR resequencing is the method of choice for de novo SNP discovery. However, manual curation of putative SNPs has been a major bottleneck in the application of this method to high-throughput screening. Therefore it is critical to develop a more sen...

The aim of this study was to identify SNPs in leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR) and growth hormone (GH) genes in order to analyze genetic diversity of Slovak Spotted cattle. The total numbers of blood samples were taken from 353 Slovak Spotted cows originating from four farms. Genomic DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction method and analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. After digestion wit...

Cell-cell fusion between gametes is a defining step during development of eukaryotes, yet we know little about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the gamete membrane fusion reaction. HAP2 is the sole gamete-specific protein in any system that is broadly conserved and shown by gene disruption to be essential for gamete fusion. The wide evolutionary distribution of HAP2 (also known as GCS1)...

Deuterium isotope effects were evaluated as a strategy to optimize the pharmacokinetics of 7-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-(4methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[5,1-b]oxazole (NVSCRF38), a novel corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) antagonist. In an attempt to suppress O-demethylation of NVSCRF38 without losing activity against the CRF1 receptor, the protons at the...

Through the local selection of landraces, humans have guided the adaptation of crops to a vast range of climatic and ecological conditions. This is particularly true of maize, which was domesticated in a restricted area of Mexico but now displays one of the broadest cultivated ranges worldwide. Here, we sequenced 67 genomes with an average sequencing depth of 18x to document routes of introduct...

Quantifying the number of deleterious mutations per diploid human genome is of crucial concern to both evolutionary and medical geneticists. Here we combine genome-wide polymorphism data from PCR-based exon resequencing, comparative genomic data across mammalian species, and protein structure predictions to estimate the number of functionally consequential single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)...