met with in Birjand during eighteen months of hospital experience amongst the garrison of troops stationed there. Six of these cases were admitted to hospital during May and the last few days of April, 1919. One case occurred in the middle of J une, and the other two during the first three days of July, 1919. Case 1.?The first admission, a young Indian clerk of the Works Department, was on Apri...

[1] Stratospheric ozone is expected to increase during the 21st century as the abundance of halogenated ozone‐depleting substances decrease to 1960 values. However, climate change will likely alter this “recovery” of stratospheric ozone by changing stratospheric temperatures, circulation, and abundance of reactive chemical species. Here we quantify the contribution of different mechanisms to ch...

BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the important complications in diabetic patients. Various factors trigger the onset and intensity of erectile dys-function. This study was done to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and some associated factors among type II-diabetic patients in Birjand, Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, which was carried out in Birjand du...

This study is about four cacti species in the state of Chihuahua, (Coryphantha macromeris, Mammillaria lasiacantha, Echinocereus dasyacanthus and Ferocactus wislizenii). Geographic distribution was inferred with MaxEnt. Projection was estimated under three scenarios simulated from IPCC (A2, B1 and A1B) and four periods (2000, 2020, 2050 and 2080) with 19 climatic variables. MaxEnt projects a sp...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of smoking on hearing loss in factory workers with occupational noise exposure. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, from May to July 2013, and comprised smoking and non-smoking factory male workers. All of them were exposed to occupational noise level more than 85 decibels for at least 10 yea...

BACKGROUND Many patients with severe traumatic injuries are admitted to intensive care units (ICU). These patients usually require prolonged mechanical ventilation. These interventions require oral intubation and leave the mouth open which consequently impairs the natural antimicrobial activity in the mouth and airways. These patients are also prone to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Evi...

Large-scale and long-term habitat management plans are needed to maintain the diversity of habitat classes required by wildlife species. Planning efforts would benefit from assessments of potential climate and land-use change effects on habitats. We assessed climate and land-use driven changes in areas of closedand open-canopy forest across the Northeast and Midwest by 2060. Our assessments wer...

BACKGROUND Achieving a balanced and proper nutrition is one of the most important health objectives in the early years of the child's life. The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and attitude of the mothers covered by the urban health centers of Birjand about nutritional behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the mothers with ...

Voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) are heteromultimers composed of a pore-forming a1 subunit and auxiliary subunits, including the intracellular b subunit, which has a strong influence on the channel properties. Voltage-dependent inhibitory modulation of neuronal VDCCs occurs primarily by activation of G-proteins and elevation of the free Gbg dimer concentration. Here we have examined t...

BACKGROUND Anthropometric indices are widely used to assess the health and nutritional status of children The aim of the present study was determination of malnutrition and compare estimates of under nutrition among young children under 2 years of age from Birjand city of Iran using WHO growth standard and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) references. METHODS The cross-sectiona...