В исследовании выявляются основные направления и этапы процесса организации школьного образования в досоветской Абхазии, связанного с деятельностью Абхазской миссии Общества восстановления православного христианства на Кавказе (ОВПХК) середине XIX – начале XX вв. Проанализированы отчеты Общества, рассмотрены работы дореволюционных, советских, а также современных абхазских российских исследовате...

Both in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, the dominant international response to de facto states, or quasi-states, has been one of isolation; they violate the principle of territorial integrity, they are often based on warfare, and the legitimacy of their frequently ethnically-based claims to independence is rejected. This article finds that pragmatism has occasionally led to some form of reluct...

This article explores how today’s post-modern, interdependent European system of order interacts with a competing system led by a modern, realist Russian Federation. Russia’s great power identity is based on a long-standing statist tradition of foreign policy thinking combined with a legacy of conviction in the uniqueness of Eurasian civilization. Key to meeting the Russian challenge is systemi...