Few if any American medical schools or other academic research institutions have formal mechanisms for dealing with accusations of dishonesty made against their scientists. The Association of American Medical Colleges has issued a policy statement, "The maintenance of high ethical standards in the conduct of research," to encourage its member schools to develop such procedures. The AAMC polic...

On an experiential basis, many of us feel the impact of a “transnationalizing” world. What a European consumer gets when she buys chocolate in her local store has been defined and standardized by the European Commission. A German university professor is increasingly expected to belong to a transnational peer community and to adapt to career development standards highly at odds with German acade...

In this article I examine recent policy initiatives related to early childhood education that can be traced either directly to No Child Left Behind (NCLB) or to the emphasis on standards and accountability that produced NCLB, including the development of standards and assessments and moving the birth date for kindergarten eligibility to require children to be older when they enter school. I als...

Elementary and middle schoolers in New York state sat for the second round of Common Core tests this week amid boycotts and protests from parents, teachers and principals. The Common Core is a set of academic standards in mathematics and English Language Arts (ELA) meant to prepare students for college and career success. Its advocates argue that such standards are crucial for establishing equa...

This study examines the interaction between Kuwaiti higher education institutions based on smart leadership standards Authoritarian and their citizenship behavior, which is two perspectives: risk aversion authority. paper discusses mechanism of authoritarian compulsory behavior (CCB) from paths psychological safety Group stress employees in organization. The results 270 longitudinal paired samp...

BACKGROUND Medical practice today requires evaluating large amounts of information which should be available at all times. This information is found most easily in a digital form. Some information has already been evaluated for validity (evidence based medicine sources) and some is in unevaluated form (paper and online journals). In order to improve access to digital information, the School of ...